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Physics ATAR U1 > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Wave

A

Disturbance that propagates through space and time

Transfer of energy (Not matter)

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2
Q

How Does Propagation of Disturbance Work

A

Disturbance is created in medium, creates domino effect = Disturbance travels through medium

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3
Q

What are the Two Types of Waves

A

Mechanical Waves

Electromagnetic Waves

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4
Q

What are Electromagnetic Waves

A

Doesn’t need medium, travels through vacuum

Eg. Light

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5
Q

What are Mechanical Waves

A

Waves that need medium to travel through

Is made up of transverse and longitudinal waves

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6
Q

What is a Medium

A

Substance that waves travel / propagate through

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7
Q

What is a Transverse Wave

A

Where the oscillation of wave is perpendicular to the motion of wave

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8
Q

What is a Longitudinal Wave

A

Where the oscillation of wave is in direction to the motion of wave

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9
Q

What is amplitude

A

Maxiumum displacement from rest position

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10
Q

What is crest

A

Maximum positive distance from rest position

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11
Q

What is trough

A

Maximum negative distance from rest position

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12
Q

What is phase

A

Two corresponding points in displacement from rest position, and direction of motionQ

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13
Q

What is wavelength

A

Distance between two consecutive points in phase

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14
Q

What is ray diagrams

A

Shows direction of propagation of wave
- Rays always perpendicular to wave fronts

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15
Q

What is period

A

Time in seconds taken for 1 complete rotation / wavelength

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16
Q

What is frequency

A

Number of rotations / wavelengths in 1 second
- Measured in Hz

17
Q

What is wavefront

A

Connects all locations where wave has same phase

18
Q

What is compression

A

Region of higher than normal pressure

19
Q

What is rarefaction

A

Reigion of lower than normal pressure

20
Q

What is velocity

A

The speed the graph is moving

21
Q

What is wavelength (Longitudinal)

A

Distance between two successive compressions / rarefactions

22
Q

What is intensity

A

Energy / Power per unit area

Moving further from source = Power spread over larger area = Reduces intensity

23
Q

What is inverse squared law

A

Assuming waves spread spherically, obeys laws

Wave propagates distance, r, away from source, intensity of wave decreases by r^2

So intensity inversely proportional to distance^2

24
Q

What are Wave-Front Diagrams

A

Depicts changes in wavelength

Also good to show diffraction and spreading of waves

25
Q

What Does Speed of Sound Wave Depend on (The Medium)

A

Density (Higher density = Lower speed),

Elasticity (Higher elasticity = Higher speed),

Temperature (Higher temperature = Higher speed)

25
Q

What is Refraction

A

Wave transmitted through boundary from 1 medium to another, with diff. velocity & wavelength, wave travels in different direction to original wave

25
Q

What is the Refraction Application of Seismic Waves

A

Phenomena that Earth’s outer core is liquid, as transverse shear waves are not detected in it

Longitudinal pressure waves are refracted by molten core, suggesting it is liquid (Waves from Earthquake, both detected near epicentre)

26
Q

What is the Behaviour After Refraction if the Wave Increases in Speed in the New Medium

A

Refracted angle bigger than incident angle

Wavelength is bigger in new medium

So bends away from the normal

27
Q

What is the Behaviour After Refraction if the Wave Decreases in Speed in the New Medium

A

Incident angle bigger than refracted angle

Wavelength smaller in new medium

Bends towards normal

28
Q

What is Reflection

A

Wave changes direction at boundary between two mediums, returning to medium it starts in

29
Q

What is Behaviour After Reflection

A

Wavelength doesn’t change

Reflected angle = Incident angle

30
Q

What is Changes in Phase in Reflection

A

If wave reflected from fixed point, is closed end, so phase is inverted

  • Some energy absorbed by post = Reflected amplitude lower

If wave reflected from open end, no phase change

31
Q

What is the Application of Echoes in Reflection

A

Sound wave reflected on wall, returns to source after delay

Physics ATAR U1 (6 decks)

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