Linear Motion & Force Flashcards
What is Vector
A object that has magnitude, units, and direction
Eg. Position, Velocity, Acceleration
What is Scalar
An object that only has magnitude and units
Eg. Time, Speed, Distance
How Do Arrows Work With Vectors
Arrow = Direction
Length = Magnitude
How To Add Vectors
“nose-to-tail” Method: Add tail of one vector to nose of another vector
“Parallelogram” Method: Construct parallelogram of vectors, then draw vector at intersection = Resultant vector
How to Subtract Vectors
Add the opposite of the second vector to the first vector
What are Vector Components
Two vectors that add to give original vector
Break up the vector into 2 perpendicular components
What is straight line on Distance-Time graph
Distance constant
Speed is 0
What is a line with positive gradient on Distance-Time graph
Distance changing
Constant speed
What is gradient of line on Distance-Time graph
Speed
What is the gradient of a Displacement-Time graph
Velocity
What is a line with positive gradient on Displace-Time graph above x-axis
Displacement changing
Velocity constant
What is a line with positive gradient on Displacement-Time graph below x-axis
Displacement changing (Negative)
Velocity constant
What is a curve on a Displacement-Time graph above x-axis
Displacement changing
Velocity changing
What is the area under the line on a Displacement-Time graph
Distance travelled
What is the area under the line on a Velocity-Time graph
Displacement
What is the gradient of a line on a Velocity-Time graph
Acceleration
What is the area under the line on a Acceleration-Time graph
Change in velocity
What is the area under the line on a Force-Displacement graph
Work Done (J)
What is Distance
‘How much ground an object has covered’ during motion
Scalar quantity
What is Displacement
‘How far out of place an object is’
Object’s overall change in position
Vector quantity
What is Speed
How fast an object is moving
Rate at which distance travelled is changing
Scalar quantity
What is Instantaneous Speed
Speed at particular instant of time
What is Average Speed
Average speed over period of time
What is formula for Average Speed
Average Speed = Distance / Time
When is average speed and instantaneous speed the same
Same when object is moving in constant motion
What is the formula for change in speed
Change in Speed = (Final Speed) - (Initial Speed)
What is Velocity
What direction and how fast an object is moving
Rate at which displacement changes
Vector quantity
What is Instantaneous Velocity
Velocity at particular instant in time
What is Average Velocity
Average velocity over a period of time
When is instantaneous velocity and average velocity the same
Same when object is moving in constant motion
What is formula for change in velocity
Change in Velocity = (Final Velocity) - (Initial Velocity)
What is Vertical Motion
Object thrown into air, reaches point where it stops then returns back down
Acceleration Due to Gravity = 9.8 ms-2 down
What is Acceleration
Measure of how quickly velocity changes
Vector quantity
What is formula for average acceleration
Acceleration ms-2 = [ (Final Velocity ms-1) - (Initial Velocity ms-1) ] / (Time s)
What are the steps to solve motion problems
1) Draw simple diagram
2) Identify & Write down information given
3) Find unknowns
4) Select equation that best matches data
5) Include units in answer, specify directions if needed
