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Physics 1 > waves > Flashcards

waves Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a wave

A

A wave is the oscillation of particles or fields

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1
Q

define a cycle
time period
frequency
phase
phase differrence

A

one complete vibration of a wave
time taken for a whole cycle to complete or pass a given point
number of cycles per second passing a given point
a measurement of the position of a certain point along the wave cycle
the amount one wave lags behind another(Phase difference may be measured as angles (radians and degrees) or as fractions of a cycle.)

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2
Q

how may a part of a wave appear not to be moving

A

a stationary wave is formed
by either interference or superposition
creating a node, which appears stationary
and waves always cancel eachother out at a node

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3
Q

what is polarisation

A

The restriction of the vibration of a wave so that it can only oscillate in a single plane

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4
Q

why cant longitudinal waves be polarised

A

since theycannot be polarised to a single plane since they have vibrations parallel….

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5
Q

what would you observe as a wave is passed through a polarising filter

A

variation in intensity between max and min

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6
Q

what are polarising filters used for

A

polarised sunglasses to reduce glare
camera - to reduce glare/ enhance the image
3d glasses to enhance a viewing experience

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7
Q

Equation for critical angle

A

refractive index of air/ refractive index of solid

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8
Q

refractive index formula

A

angle incidence/ angle of refraction

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9
Q

parts of a fibre optic cable

A

core and cladding
fibre optic used in data transmission/broadband - since it gives improved transmission of data or higher speed internet

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10
Q

why is the core of a fibre optic cable made to be narrow as possible

A

so that multipath/multimode dispersion is reduced - light at diff angles arrive at diff times- loss of data from fibre

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11
Q

what conditions have to be there for Total internal reflection to take place

A

the ray must be travelling from a higher refractive index to a lower refractive index

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12
Q

why is there cladding in a fibre optic

A

to protect the core from scratches or breakage
to increase the critical angle
to increase rate of data transfer#
keeps data secure

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13
Q

what is a coherent light

A

waves with a constant phase difference and same frequency, a double slit is a coherent source of light

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14
Q

how does wavelength effect a fringe from a double slit experiment

A

greater the wavelength, the greater the fringe separation- the maxima are further apart from eachother

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15
Q

how would the slit being narrower effect the fringes

A

greater/wider fringe separation and lower intensity

16
Q

how is there a formation of waves on a screen from a double slit

A

fringes formed by interference
where light from the source superpose(overlap)
the red/bright fringes are formed by constructive interference(reinforcement)
the dark fringes is where the 2 waves cancel out by destructive interference
light from the 2 slit are coherent

17
Q

in the equation of fringe separation (w=Dλ/s)
what does each symbol stand for

A

W= fringe separation
D= distance from slits to screen
s = distance Between slits
λ = wavelength

18
Q

formation of fringes from a white light are described as

A

a bright white central fringe
side fringes to it are continuous spectra
the bright fringes are blue on side nearest to centre

19
Q

conditions for constructive interference

A

0 degree phase diff between the 2 waves that interact
path differrence is a multiple of lambda

20
Q

conditions for destructive interference

A

phase difference of 180 degrees ( in antiphase)
path differrence (n+1/2)λ

21
Q

first harmonic to third harmonic

A

frequency 1st : 10hz
frequency 2nd : 20 hz
frequency 3rd : 30 hz
length- λ/2 λ 3/2λ

phase diff between 2 adjacent nodes is λ/2

22
Q

conditions for a stationary wave

A

same freq and amplitude
move in opposite directions

23
Q

properties of a stationary wave

A

no energy transferred
nodes are points where the waves have no displacement
antinodes is points at the waves max displacement

24
Q
A

Physics 1 (5 decks)

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