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phys/chem > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

work

A

force*distance

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2
Q

joule

A

newtons * meters

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3
Q

power

A

energy/time or work done divided by given time

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4
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy due to speed or movement

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5
Q

Potential energy

A

stored energy

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6
Q

Amplitude

A

maximum distance from equilibrium. height of wave.

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7
Q

frequency

A

how often waves are made and number of waves

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8
Q

wavelength

A

length of wave from crest to crest or trough to trough

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9
Q

transverse wave

A

wave on a string

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10
Q

longitudal wave

A

sound wave or push wave

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11
Q

wave speed

A

frequency*wavelength

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12
Q

Like a transverse wave, a longitudinal wave has

A

amplitude, frequency, wavelength, and speed.

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13
Q

The vibrations of a transverse wave move in a direction

A

at right angles to the direction of wave travel.

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14
Q

The vibrations of a longitudinal wave move in a direction

A

along the direction of wave travel.

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15
Q

An object that completes 10 vibrations in 20 seconds has a frequency of

A

0.5 hertz

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16
Q

If the frequency of a certain wave is 10 hertz, its period is

A

0.1 seconds

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17
Q

A floating leaf oscillates up and down two complete cycles each second as a water wave passes by. What is the wave’s frequency?

A

2 hertz

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18
Q

The amplitude of a particular wave is 1 meter. The top-to-bottom distance of the disturbance is

A

2 m.

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19
Q

On some days, air nearest the ground is colder than air that is higher up. On one of these days, sound waves

A

tend to be refracted downward.

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20
Q

True or false: Sound waves can interfere with one another so that no sound results.

A

True

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21
Q

The object with the highest natural frequency is a

A

small bell.

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22
Q

Sound will be louder if a struck tuning fork is held

A

with its base against a tabletop.

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23
Q

A base fiddle is louder than a harp because of its

A

sounding board

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24
Q

Sound waves cannot travel in

A

a vacuum.

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25
Q

Compressions and rarefactions are characteristic of

A

longitudinal waves.

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26
Q

Most of the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum are

A

invisible

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27
Q

Radio waves travel

A

always much faster than sound waves.

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28
Q

Which electromagnetic waves have the longest wavelength?

A

radio waves

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29
Q

Sunburns are produced by

A

ultraviolet light

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29
Q

Which color of light gets through red glass?

A

red

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30
Q

The fact that you can see stars in the nighttime sky is evidence that

A

light can travel in a vacuum and our atmosphere is transparent to visible light.

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31
Q

Compared to its average speed in air, the average speed of a beam of light in glass is

A

less.

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32
Q

Compared to the photon that enters a pane of window glass, the photon that emerges is

A

an identical but different photon.

33
Q

Glass is transparent to

A

visible light.

34
Q

Materials generally become warmer when light is

A

absorbed by them

35
Q

The sensation of color is seen when light falls on the eye’s

A

cones

36
Q

The physics underlying the redness of sunsets and the color of blue jays involves

A

scattered sunlight.

37
Q

Light is reflected when

A

incident light is returned into the medium from which it came.

38
Q

The type of lens that spreads parallel light is a

A

diverging lens

39
Q

Refraction occurs when light passing from one medium to another

A

changes speed

40
Q

The type of lens that brings parallel light rays together is a

A

converging lens

40
Q

What types of light have sufficient energy to break bonds?

A

gamma rays, x-rays, UV

41
Q

UV

A

ultraviolet, breaks bonds

42
Q

IR

A

infrared, makes molecules vibrate

43
Q

microwaves

A

make molecules spin

44
Q

The fundamental force underlying all chemical reactions is

A

electrical

44
Q

The fundamental force underlying all chemical reactions is

A

electrical

45
Q

A fundamental rule of electricity is that

A

like kinds of charges repel and unlike kinds of charges attract

46
Q

An electron and a proton

A

attract each other

47
Q

The vast numbers of electrons in a coin don’t fly off the surface because

A

they are attracted by an equal number of protons

48
Q

The pair of protons in the nucleus of a helium atom

A

attract a pair of orbiting electrons.

49
Q

neutrons

A

do not have an electrical charge

50
Q

To say that electric charge is conserved means that no case has ever been found where

A

net charge has been created or destroyed

51
Q

To become a negative ion, an atom must

A

gain an electron

52
Q

To become a positive ion, an atom must

A

lose an electron

52
Q

Two protons attract each other gravitationally and repel each other electrically. The stronger of these two forces is

A

electrical

53
Q

Conducting materials are composed of atoms with

A

loose outer electrons

54
Q

Insulating materials are composed of atoms with

A

tightly bound outer electrons

55
Q

Rub electrons from your hair with a comb and the comb becomes

A

negatively charged

56
Q

A negatively-charged rod is held near an aluminum can that rests on a dry wood table. If you momentarily touch the opposite side of the can with your finger, the can becomes

A

positively charged

57
Q

A balloon will stick to a wooden wall if the balloon is charged

A

positively or negatively.

58
Q

Just as a sustained flow of water in a hydraulic circuit needs a pump, in electric circuits the flow of charge needs

A

voltage

59
Q

Current in a conductor can be increased by

A

reducing its resistance or increasing the voltage across it.

60
Q

In units of measurement, power in watts is equal to

A

amperes*volts

61
Q

In a circuit powered by a battery, charge

A

is energized by and flows through the battery

62
Q

Conductors

A

carries electricity (metals, salt water)

63
Q

insulators

A

stops electricity (most nonmetals, most plastics)

64
Q

medium

A

what waves use to travel through, sound uses air. light doesn’t need a medium

65
Q

primary colors in light

A

red, blue, green

66
Q

electricity

A

charge that’s moving

67
Q

Which of the following are true for most conductors?

A

Electrons are shared in a “sea” of electrons and are free to move.

68
Q

ion

A

charged particle

69
Q

a charge on an insulator

A

stays where its put

70
Q

US voltage

A

110-120 voltage

71
Q

batteries

A

make potential energy

72
Q

watts

A

power in a system

73
Q

volts

A

pressure against electrons in a systems

74
Q

ohm

A

resistance

75
Q

current

A

how many electrons move through a system in a time period.

76
Q

ohm’s law

A

current=voltage/resistance

77
Q

equation for watts

A

volts*amps

phys/chem (4 decks)

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