Properties of Matter Flashcards
How many electrons does a neutral potassium atom have?
19
How many protons does silicon have?
14
How many electrons does a neutral carbon atom have?
6
Lavoisier’s Law of Conservation of Mass…
Encouraged scientists to use mass sparingly, as it is a limited resource and says that whatever mass you begin with in a reaction you will also end with.
How many electrons does a potassium ion have?
18
Carbon can combine with oxygen with a ration of 3 g C to 8 g O or 3 g C to 4 g O. This is an example of… ?
The law of multiple proportions developed by Dalton
How many protons does gold have?
79
How many neutrons does an average argon atom have?
22
How many electrons does a chlorine ion have?
18
Thompson’s Cathode Ray Tube
Discovered the electron
Millikan’s Oil Drop
Measured the charge of the electron
Rutherford Gold Foil
Proved there was a small, positive nucleus
How many protons does beryllium have?
4
How many electrons does a magnesium ion have?
10
How many electrons does a neutral cobalt atom have?
27
How many electrons does a sulfide ion have?
18
Pure table salt (NaCl), no matter where it comes from, contains 39.3% Na (sodium) by mass. This is an example of… ?
The law of definite proportions by Proust
How many protons does titanium have?
22
How many protons does rubidium have?
37
How many neutrons does an average Na atom have?
12
How many neutrons does an average Calcium ion (with a 2- charge) have?
20
How many neutrons does an average arsenic with a negative three charge have?
42
How many valence electrons (dots) does oxygen have?
6
How many valence electrons does Be have?
2
What charge do protons have?
+1
How many valence electrons does Cl have?
7
What charge do neutrons have?
0
What charge do electrons have?
-1
The number of electrons in neutral atoms is equal to
number of protons
The mass number of atom is equal to the sum of _______
the number of protons and electrons.
Positive charge
subtract amount from electrons
Negative charge
add amount of charge to electrons
Metals
shiny, conducts electricity, conducts heat, positive charge
Nonmetals
make negative charges, not shiny
cation
charge to metals, positive
anion
charge to nonmetals, negative
ionic compound
metals and nonmetals
metallic compound
metals and metals
molecular compound
nonmetals and nonmetals
number of electrons in an element
how far over they are horizontally
when combining 2 elements they always need to become
0 electrons
full outer shell
8 electrons
physical change
doesn’t change chemical compound
chemical change
changes the chemical compound
All elements want 8 electrons except
hydrogen and helium
the center atom can never be
hydrogen
The compound NaBr is
ionic
The compound barium fluoride is
ionic
The compound sulfur difluoride is
molecular
The compound CO is
molecular
The compound Brass (Cu + Zn) is
metallic
The compound Rose gold (Au + Cu) is
metallic
What is the correct name for MgCl2?
Magnesium chloride
What is the correct name for SBr2?
Sulfur dibromide
What is the correct chemical formula for sodium fluoride?
NaF
What is the correct name for LiBr?
Lithium bromide
What is the correct chemical formula for nitrogen dioxide?
NO2
How many bonds does sulfur need to make to get a full octet?
2
How many bonds does Fluorine need to make to fill its octet?
1
How many bonds does carbon need to make to fill its octet?
4
What will be the central atom in the molecule NH3?
N
What will be the central atom in the molecule H2O?
O
Dipole-dipole
polar molecules stuck together
hydrogen bonding
H is stuck to F, O, or N. very strong
dispersion
wave nature of electrons, any molecule that have electrons has dispersion
A material is very hard and melts at high temperatures, but will dissolve in water and will break along planes and with repeating angles when it breaks. What type of material is it most likely?
Ionic
Gasoline (a mixture of compounds, but all with lots of C and H and all are nonpolar) evaporates much more quickly when spilled than water does. Why?
Gasoline has no hydrogen bonds or dipole-dipole interactions holding molecules together, while water has both
Plastics are often flexible and melt at fairly low temperatures. What type of material are they?
Molecular
Non polar molecules
are symmetric with no unshared electrons.
Polar molecules
are asymmetric, either containing lone pairs of electrons on a central atom or having atoms with different electronegativities bonded
According to the original version of atomic theory postulated by Dalton, atoms were ________
hard spheres
Groups of elements that have similar properties are called _____
families
Ceramics are stable at very high temperatures, but are prone to shattering. What type of material is a ceramic?
Ionic
What is the origin of dispersion forces?
Random variations in electron distribution
