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Science Yearly Yr9 > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What are waves

A

Vibrations that cause the transfer of energy without the transfer of matter

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2
Q

What are the 2 basic subtypes of waves

A

Transverse, Longitudinal

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3
Q

What are transverse waves

A

Particles move up and down, at right angles to the direction of the wave

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4
Q

What are types of transverse waves

A

Water waves, Electromagnetic waves, S waves of earthquakes

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5
Q

What is wavelength

A

The distance between two matching points on neighbouring waves

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6
Q

What is amplitude

A

The distance between the resting point of a wave, and it’s crest(top of the wave)

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7
Q

What happens if the amplitude is larger

A

greater energy of the wave

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8
Q

What are longitudinal waves

A

Particles vibrate back and forth, and the direction of their movement is parallel to the direction of the wave

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9
Q

Examples of longitudinal waves

A

Sound waves, P waves of an earthquake

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10
Q

What is frequency

A

The amount of waves passing a point each second

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11
Q

How is frequency measured

A

Hertz(Hz), 1 wave per second = 1Hz

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12
Q

How do you calculate the speed of a wave

A

Velocity = frequency x Wavelength (V=f x l)

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13
Q

What is a wave period

A

The time for one wavelength to pass a point - Period = 1/frequency (T=1/f)

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14
Q

What are the parts of a longitudinal wave

A

Compressions, rarefactions

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15
Q

What are compressions in a longitudinal wave

A

Sections that are pushed together

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16
Q

What are rarefactions in a longitudinal wave

A

Sections that are spread out

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17
Q

What are the pronumerals used for wavelength, frequency, and velocity

A

λ,f,v

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18
Q

What are the features of radio waves

A
  • longer wavelength
  • same speed
  • less frequency
  • less energy
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19
Q

What are the features of X-rays

A
  • shorter wavelength
  • same speed
  • more frequency
  • more energy
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20
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum

A

Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays

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21
Q

Which rays have the highest frequency

A

Gamma rays

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22
Q

What are electromagnetic waves

A

Transverse waves which travel through the vacuum of space

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23
Q

State what each of the EM waves are used for

A
  1. Radio waves - communication
  2. Microwaves - cooking
  3. Infrared - imaging
  4. Visible light - sight
  5. Ultraviolet - sterilisation
  6. X-rays - medical imaging
  7. Gamma rays - medical treatment
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24
Q

What type of wave is sound

A

compression/ longitudinal

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25
How is sound produced
Energy creating vibrations, which then get passes onto surrounding particles
26
What medium does sound travel the fastest in
Solids - higher density means faster travel
27
What are ultrasounds
Frequencies over 20,000Hz (above human hearing) which is used in pregnancies
28
What is heat
The transfer of thermal energy
29
Describe the process of sound
1. Sound waves are collected by the outer ear(pinna) 2. sound waves travel through all matter as vibrations 3. when they reach our ears, they make the eardrum vibrate 4. Brain recognises vibrations as sounds of different things 5. Size and shape of sound wave determines what kind of sound is heard
30
What are insulation materials
Prevent heat from escaping, also affect the transfer of energy carried by EM waves
31
What are the 3 types of light waves
transparent, translucent, opaque
32
What is transparent
All/ most light passes through
33
What is translucent
Some light passes through
34
What is opaque
No light passes through
35
Describe the air pressure of compressions and rarefactions
Compressions = high air pressure Rarefactions = low air pressure
36
What is transmittion
Light passing through a medium/ object
37
What can happen when light hits a surface
Reflection, refraction, or absorption
38
What is absorption
light is taken in by a material and converted to thermal energy. Dark coloured objects absorb more light and become warm to the touch
39
What is reflection
Light bounces back from a surface. Mirrors have a smooth surface that reflects light
40
What is the angle of incidence in reflection
Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
41
What is refraction
Bending of light as it passes from one medium to another. Bending occurs because light travels at different speeds in different mediums
42
Describe the bending of light through different densities
- Light bends towards the normal line when moving from less dense medium to a denser medium (e.g air to glass) - Light bends away from the normal line when moving from a denser medium to a less dense medium
43
Describe convex lenses
- bends light rays towards the normal - used for long - sightedness
44
Describe concave lenses
- bends light rays away from the normal - used for short- sightedness
45
What is dispersion
The splitting of visible light into its component colours
46
What are the 2 types of radio
AM(amplitude modulation), FM(frequency modulation)
47
Describe FM radio waves
- affected by less electrical interference than AM radio - higher quality transmission of sound
48
Describe AM radio waves
- amplitude modulated wave - affected more by electrical interference
49
How do phones transmit signals
- signals are transmitted to a base station - waves may be radio waves or microwaves - base station connects signal to the fixed telephone system
50
What is heat
the energy transfer that takes place between objects of different temperatures- measured in joules
51
Where is thermal energy contained
the motion and vibration of an objects atoms
52
What are the 3 types of heat transfer
conduction, convection, radiation
53
what is radiation
transfer of heat energy by waves can travel through spaces with no particles in it
54
what is conduction
transfer of heat energy through a substance from a hotter part to a cooler part
55
what is convection
transfer of heat through the movement of particles themselves. energy moves from hotter areas to cooler areas
56
what is dispersion
- white light goes through a prism and splits up into the colours of the rainbow
57
describe the process of dispersion | (hint:what happens when colours hit the prism + when they leave it)
- white light goes through a prism + splits into colours - white light is made up of mixtures of colours - each colour is bent different amounts by the prism because they slow down different amounts when they get to the glass - the light ray refracts towards the normal as it enters the block and away from the normal as it leaves the glass block
58
What happens to longer wavelengths in dispersion
slowed less and refracted less
59
what happens to shorter wavelengths in dispersion
slowed more and refracted more
60
How do mobile phones transmit signals | (hint:what happens to electrons in antenna)
- electrons in antenna are made to oscillate rapidly - radio waves travel through the air at 300,000km per second - radio waves cause electrons in the receiving antenna to oscillate rapidly, producing an electrical signal on it
61

Science Yearly Yr9 (3 decks)

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