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Science Yearly Yr9 > Human Body > Flashcards

Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the musculoskeletal system consist of

A

Bones, muscles, joints

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2
Q

What does the cardiovascular system consist of

A

heart, blood vessels

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3
Q

What does the respiratory system consist of

A

Lungs, airways

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4
Q

What does the nervous system consist of

A

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

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5
Q

What does the digestive system consist of

A

small intestine, liver, gall bladder, salivary gland, pancreas, rectum, anus, oesophagus, large intestine, mouth, stomach,

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6
Q

What does the urinary system consist of

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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7
Q

What does the endocrine system consist of

A

glands and hormones

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8
Q

What does the integumentary system consist of

A

skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands

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9
Q

What is the human body made up of

A

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

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10
Q

what are the 3 steps of digestion

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. digestion
  3. absorption
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11
Q

What do the lungs consist of

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

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12
Q

What is the digestive system used for

A

breaking down food into smaller nutrient particles, which can be absorbs into the bloodstream where they can be carried to all cells of the body

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13
Q

What are the two types of digestion

A

mechanical, chemical

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14
Q

How do cells obtain their energy

A

respiration

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15
Q

What happens to sugars such as glucose when they come in contact with oxygen

A

They oxidise and form carbon dioxide and water

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16
Q

What is homeostasis

A

The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things

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17
Q

What is temperature regulation in humans

A

processes such and shivering and sweating in order to maintain stable body temperature

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18
Q

What is blood sugar regulation in humans

A

The pancreas secretes glucagon and insulin to regulate blood sugar levels

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19
Q

What does the body use to maintain homeostasis

A

(positive/ negative) Feedback loops

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20
Q

What glands does the endocrine system consist of

A

Adrenal gland, Thyroid, Pancreas, pituitary gland, testes

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21
Q

What are the parts of the reflex arc

A

Receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, effectors

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22
Q

What are receptors responsible for

A

detect stimulus

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23
Q

What are sensory neurons responsible for

A

transport electrical impulse from receptors to spinal cord

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24
Q

What are interneurons responsible for

A

located in spinal cord, process information + decide on response

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25
Q

What are motor nuerons responsible for

A

transport response to effectors

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26
Q

What are effectors responsible for

A

carrying out the response

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27
Q

what is the outcome of a reflex arc

A

an immediate, involuntary action ensuring protection + survival even before the brain processes the event

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28
Q

What are the main parts of the eye

A

Cornea, Pupil, lens, iris, retina, optic nerve

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29
Q

What does the cornea do

A

refracts light rays

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30
Q

What does the pupil do

A

admits light

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31
Q

What does the lens do

A

refracts and focuses light rays onto the retina

32
Q

What does the iris do

A

regulates light entrance

33
Q

What does the retina do

A

contains sensory receptors for sight

34
Q

What does the optic nerve do

A

transmits impulse to brain

35
Q

What do photoreceptors in the retina do

A

send signals to the optic nerve which then sends to brain

36
Q

what are the main parts of the nervous system

A

CNS, PNS

37
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

brain, spinal cord

38
Q

What is the PNS made up of

A

peripheral nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord

39
Q

What are the two types of actions in the nervous system

A

voluntary, involuntary

40
Q

Which organ is responsible for producing insulin

A

pancreas

41
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system

A
  • support the body
  • produce red blood cells
  • protect internal organs
42
Q

What is the primary role of the nervous system

A

produce hormones

43
Q

Which body system is responsible for releasing hormones into the bloodstream

A

endocrine

44
Q

After a bicycle accident, an individual realises they cant feel anything in their left arm. Which system might be affected

A

PNS

45
Q

an individual quickly pulls their hand away after touching a hot stove even before they realises its hot. What is this an example of

A

involuntary action through the reflex arc

46
Q

an individual suffered a spinal injury in a car accident. They have trouble moving their legs but can still feel pain. What part of their nervous system did the injury affect

A

CNS and PNS

47
Q

an individual underwent a test where a small hammer was used to tap just below his kneecap, and his leg kicked out involuntarily. What did this test asses the functioning of

A

PNS

48
Q

After a viral infection, an individual experiences tingling and numbness in her hands and feet. what part of her nervous system did this virus affect

A

PNS

49
Q

What are cells

A

basic functional units of life

50
Q

What are tissues made from

A

groups of cells that work together to form tissues

51
Q

What are organs made from

A

groups of tissues work together to form organs

52
Q

what is an organ system made from

A

groups of organs work together to form organ systems

53
Q

what is an organism made from

A

organ systems make up organisms

54
Q

What is an organ

A

defines structure within an organism that typically has a specific vital function

55
Q

What is a tissue

A

group of cells that have a similar structure that function together as a unit

56
Q

What is blood

A

a tissue consisting of plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended

57
Q

What are characteristics of red blood cells

A
  • small and very numerous
  • contain haemoglobin
  • no nucleus
  • very thin cell membrane
58
Q

What do white blood cells do

A

fight infection

59
Q

What are platelets

A

blood clotting/ prevent bleeding

60
Q

What are arteries

A
  • blood is under high pressure generated by the heart
  • thick walls made of muscles and elastic fibres
  • one-way valves to keep the blood moving in the correct direction
  • carry blood from heart to organs
61
Q

What are capillaries

A
  • deliver food and oxygen to cells
  • remove waste
  • thin walls
62
Q

What are receptor cells

A

special type of nerve cell that identifies changes in the environment both inside and outside the body. located in eyes, ears, skin, nose, tongue

63
Q

What are the major glands

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • pituitary
  • thyroid
  • parathyroids
  • adrenals
  • pineal body
  • ovaries
  • testes
64
Q

what is the main function of the hypothalamus

A

control reflex actions

65
Q

what is the main function of the pituitary gland

A

releases hormones that stimulate other glands to release their own hormones

66
Q

what is the main function of the thyroid gland

A

releases hormone thyroxine which regulates cell growth and activity

67
Q

what is the main function of the parathyroids

A

release hormone parathormone which regulates calcium level in blood and controls bone development

68
Q

what is the main function of the adrenals

A

release hormone including adrenalin

69
Q

what is the main function of the pineal body

A

releases hormone melatonin which controls sleeping and waking patterns

70
Q

what is the main function of the ovaries

A

releases the hormones oestrogen and progesterone

71
Q

what is the main function of the testes

A

releases testosterone

72
Q

What is a neuron

A

a long cell made up of a cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath

73
Q

What are the parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum, Cerebellum, brain stem

74
Q

What happens to our blood glucose levels after eating

A
  • levels rise
  • insulin is release from pancreas
  • stimulates liver to covert glucose to glycogen OR tissues cells take in sugar from blood
  • blood sugar levels are reduced
75
Q

What happens to our blood glucose levels after exercising or not eating

A
  • levels drop
  • glucagon is released
  • stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose
76
Q

What are the features of living organisms

A

MRS GREN - movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

77
Q

what is convection

A

transfer of heat through the movement of particles themselves. energy moves from hotter areas to cooler areas

Science Yearly Yr9 (3 decks)

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