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waves Flashcards

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1
Q

define amplitude

A

the maximum displacment of the wave

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1
Q

how do waves travel?

A

through oscilation (vibration)

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2
Q

define wavelength

A

the distance of an entire oscilation

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3
Q

define a timeperiod

A

the time it takes for one complete oscillation

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4
Q

define frequency

A

number of complete oscillations per second

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5
Q

define a transversal wave

give an example

A

oscillations are perpendicular (to the direction of energy transfer)

electromagnetic

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6
Q

define a longtitudinal wave

give an example

A

oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

(some waves are more compressed and some are more spreadout)

sound wave

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7
Q

define absoprtion

A

the waves energy is transferred to the material

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8
Q

define refraction

A

waves bend through a material and come out at a different angle

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9
Q

define reflection

A

the wave is bounced off of the material

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10
Q

define transmission

A

a wave enters a material but carries on travelling - often leads to refraction

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11
Q

define specular reflection

why?

A

all incoming light waves will be reflected in the same direction

as all the normals are the same

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12
Q

define diffuse reflection

why?

A

light rays are reflected in different directions

as the normals are different

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13
Q

why do waves travel at different speeds in different mediums?

A

due to different densities

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14
Q

e.g away/ towards the normal

if an angle is refracted in a more dense medium, which direction will it change to?

A

towards the normal

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15
Q

if a wave is refracted into a less dense medium will it travel towards or away from the normal?

A

away as it speeds up

16
Q

what type of waves are electromagnetic waves?

A

transversal

17
Q

what are the 3 types of radiowave?

what are radiowaves used for?

how are they made?

A

long
short
very short

communication

through alternating current

18
Q

what are the 2 types of microwaves?
give uses for both

A

those absorbed by water - microwave oven
not absorbed by water -communication

19
Q

What emits infared radiation?

give 2 usues of IR

A

all things that emit thermal heat

cooking
heating a room etc

20
Q

What can visible light be used for?

how is it transported?

A

communication

through optic fibres, reflecting the waves through the wire

21
Q

what are some uses of UV radiation?

A

light bulb
security
sterilising water

22
Q

What are 3 uses of gamma rays?

why are gamma rays useful in sterilisation?

A

medical imaging
to treat cancer (radiotherapy)
sterilisation

as they can kill micro-organisms without causing any other damage

23
Q

what is an opaque object?

A

an object which does not transmit light

all wavelengths of light are absorbed or reflected

24
Q

define transparent objects

A

objects that transmit almost all light
(small fraction reflected or absorbed)

25
Q

define translucent objects

A

objects that only transmit some of the light

26
Q

how do primary colour filters work?

How do secondary colour filters work?

A

absorb all colours aside from the intended colour. This is transmitted

transmit only the primary colours which combine to make the colour

27
Q

what is the range of human hearing?

A

20hz to 20,000hz

28
Q

define ultrasound

A

sound that vibrates at frequencies of above 20k hz

29
Q

When are ultra-sound waves reflected

what is a use of this?

A

when passing through different mediums

checking foetuses

30
Q

this is about seismic waves

what are the differences between p waves and s waves?

A

p- longitudinal
can travel through solid and liquid
faster than s
s- transverse
only travel through solid

31
Q
A
31
Q

what is wave lenght measured in?

A

metres

32
Q

how fast do EM waves travel in a vacuum?

A

3x10^8 m/s

physics (6 decks)

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