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nat5 physics > waves > Flashcards

waves Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a longitudinal wave

A

a longitudinal wave is when the motion of the medium is parallel to the direction of the wave, this means that particles move left and right which in turn makes the other particles oscillate

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2
Q

what is a transverse wave

A

a transverse wave in a wave in which the motion of the medium is at right angles to the direction of the wave

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3
Q

what type of wave is sound

A

longitudinal

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4
Q

types of transverse waves

A

radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays and water waves

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5
Q

when is a echo created

A

an echo is created when sound reflects from a surface

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6
Q

how fast does light travel

A

3 x 10⁸ ms⁻¹

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7
Q

how fast does sound travel at

A

340ms⁻¹

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8
Q

what is a wavelength

A

wavelength is the distance from a point of one wave to the same point on the next wave

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9
Q

what is wavelength measured in

A

metres

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10
Q

what is frequency

A

the number of waves per second (f)

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11
Q

how to calculate frequency

A

N
f = —–
t

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12
Q

What is menay by the period of a wave

A

The time it takes one wave to pass a point (T)

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13
Q

How to calculate period

A

1
T = —-
f

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14
Q

What is amplitude

A

amplitude is the distance from the centre of the wave to the crest or trough

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15
Q

how does amplitude affect the energy of the wave

A

the larger the amplitude the more energy a wave has and the smaller the amplitude the less energy a wave has

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16
Q

what is wave speed

A

the distance that a wave can travel in one second

17
Q

what is the wave equation

A

v = f (landa)

18
Q

explain what is meant by diffraction

A

diffraction is the bending of waves around small obstacles and the spreading out of waves as they pass through small openings

19
Q

how does the size of the gap effect diffraction

A

the narrower the gap the larger the diffraction effect

20
Q

what is the difference between short and long wave diffraction

A

longer wavelengths ( lower frequencies ) diffract more than shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies)

21
Q

explain how diffraction applies to reception problems

A

radio waves have a longer wavelength than tv waves. do radio waves will diffract more. this means the signals reach the aerial on the house.

22
Q

when does refraction occurs

A

refraction is a change of speed and wavelength of light as it enters a different medium.there will be a direction change too when the angle of incidence is greater than 0 degrees

23
Q

what is a normal

A

a normal is an imaginary line at 90 degrees to the surface. usually drawn on the refracting material, where the incident ray meets the surface.

24
Q

what is the direction change when the light slows down

A

towards the normal

25
Q

what is the direction change when the light speeds up

A

it moves away from the normal

26
Q

what is the angle of incidence

A

the angle of incidence is the angle between the normal and the incident ray

27
Q

what is the angle of refraction

A

the angle of refraction is the angle between the normal and the refracted ray

28
Q

how does white light split into its component colours

A

different colours of light have different frequencies. each frequency is refracted through a different angle.

29
Q

what happens if the angle of incidence is 0 degrees ( along the normal )

A

the light passes straight through and does not change direction

30
Q

what is a critical angle

A

a critical angle is the angle of incidence that gives an angle of refraction of 90 degrees. for an angle greater than the critical angle light is no longer refraction but is reflected. this is total internal reflection.

31
Q

what is apparent depth of water

A

if you look at an object which is underwater it appears to be closer to the surface than it actually is.

32
Q

what are the two types of lenses

A

convex and concave

33
Q

what is a convex lens

A

a convex lens is one which makes light rays converge and reach a focal point

34
Q

how does lens size effect the refraction that occurs

A

the thicker the lens the more refraction that occurs , so the shorter the focal length

35
Q

what is a concave lens

A

a concave lens is one which makes light rays diverge

36
Q

what lens can be used to correct short sight

A

concave

37
Q

what lens can be used to correct long sight

A

convex

38
Q

what is a réfractomètre

A

a device that can measure the amount of refraction a material causes

39
Q

what can a refractometer be used for

A

• a vet can use a refractometer to measure plasma protein in a blood sample
• sweetness of drinks
• the salinity of water
• concentration of maple syrup

nat5 physics (3 decks)

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