Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is frequency? (Give unit)

A
  • The number of waves passing a point each second
  • Measured in hertz (Hz)
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2
Q

What is a period?

A

The time taken for one wavelength to pass a point

1 / Frequency

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3
Q

Are seismic P waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Longitudinal

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4
Q

Are seismic S waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Transverse

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5
Q

Are sound waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Longitudinal

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6
Q

Are electromagnetic waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Transverse

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7
Q

What are the equations for wave speed?

A

Wave speed = Frequency x Wavelength

Or

Wave speed = Distance / Time

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8
Q

When a wave enters a less dense medium will it refract towards or away from the normal?

A

Away from the normal

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9
Q

How do you calculate the speed of sound in air using an echo?

A
  • Measure distance from the source of sound to reflecting surface (wall)
  • Measure the time interval, with a stopwatch, between original sound being produced and echo being heard
  • Use (speed = distance/time) to calculate the speed
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10
Q

How do you calculate the speed of sound in air using two microphones and an oscilloscope?

A
  • Set up the microphones, one in front of the other, at different distances in a straight line from a speaker
  • Set the frequency of the speaker sound to unknown, audible value
  • Display the two waveforms on the oscilloscope
  • Measure distance between microphones
  • Move the microphones apart so the wave forms move apart by one wavelength
  • Calculate the speed of sound using (wave speed = frequency x wavelength)
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11
Q

How do you calculate the speed of ripples on water surfaces?

A
  • Set up a ripple tank
  • Switch on lamp and motor and adjust until low frequency waves can clearly be observed
  • Measure the length of a number of waves then divided by the number of waves to record wavelength
  • Count the number of waves passing a point in 10 seconds then divide by 10 to record frequency
  • Calculate the speed of waves using (wave speed = frequency x wavelength)
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12
Q

How does the amplitude of a soundwave affect the volume of the sound?

A

High amplitude - sound waves are loud

Low amplitude- sound waves are quiet

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13
Q

What are some uses of ultrasound?

A
  • Breaking kidney stones
  • Cleaning jewellery
  • Foetal scanning
  • Detecting cracks in machinery
  • Sonar
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14
Q

How do ultrasounds work?

A
  • Ultrasound waves are sent into the woman’s body
  • Some of the sound is reflected each time it meets a layer of tissue with a different density
  • The scanner detects the echoes and the computer uses the information to make a picture
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15
Q

What are the uses of infrasound?

A
  • Infrasound is produced when meteors enter the earths atmosphere, scientist track the path the meteor will take
  • Can help determine the structure of rocks beneath the earths crust
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16
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection