watery world Flashcards
difference in water consumption in LIC and HIC
HIC:
- industrial = 47%
- agriculture = 39%
- domestic = 14%
LIC:
-agriculture = 91%
-industry = 5%
domestic = 4%
ways water is used HIC
industrial (47%)
- cooling machines
- hydroelectric power
- running machines
- water sports
agriculture (39%)
- watering crops
- washing machines
- animals
domestic (14%)
- showers
- baths
- drinking
- kitchen appliances
- cooking
- toilet
ways water is used in LIC
agriculture (91%)
- watering crops
- washing small machines
- feeding animals
domestic (5%)
- communal showers
- wells/water pumps
- cooking
industrial (4%)
-small businesses/markets
how is wealth links to water
LICS use it for agriculture and needs
HICS use it for recreational purposes e.g. water sports, tourism and swimming pools e.g. Las Vagas
a wealthier a country is, the more water can be used for privet toilets and not communal
e.g. a washing machine = 150L of water but someone in Africa cannot get clean water
reasons for growth of water consumption
higher population
more business
more wealth more demand
tourism growth
what is a reservoir
a man made lake by building a dam across a valley and allowing it to flood
example of a reservoir
kielder in Northumberland
- largest in UK
- over 250,000 tourists a year
- 6 years to build (1975-1981)
- 2 years to fill
- 200billion tonnes of water
- supplies to Newcastle, Sunderland, Middlesbrough
- leisure activities = leapish waterside park
what is an aquifer
- deep layers/large bodies of rock
- rock holds large quantities of water
- often porous/holey rock
extraction
drilling holes or using bore pipes then pumping water up and allowing it to come to the surface by its own pressure
e.g. the London Basin that suplly to London
water supply problems in LICs
lack of clean water:
water deficit
thirst as not enough to go around
water borne disease: cholera -faeces from inadequate sewage systems -2008-2009 = 50,000 affects -3,000 died -Zimbabwe
typhoid
- salmonella bacterium
- in 2000 up to 15 people a week died
- sierra leone
water pollution:
- mining of metallic materials
- farming fertilisers and pesticides
- deforestation = soil is lose and goes into river
water supply problems HIC
special variability:
-difference in space from place to place
seasonal variability:
-water not being available in some seasons
loss through broken pipes and quality
water management in HIC case study
Sydney olymic park scheme work
- after they hosted the games they turned the facilities into a water recycling unit
- water reclamation removing 3 millionL of water from sewage per day
- brickpit, water reservoir only holds 3million L
- water treatment plant restores 75 million L per day from reservoir and reclamation plant
positives and negative with HIC case study
positives:
- fast rate of water recycling
- not wasting materials
- provides for many domestic appliances
- efficient
- saves water and long term saves money
negatives
- initial costs
- energy
- clean water can be contaminated
- houses have to be refitted with new supply, often remade
water conflict
the Colorado river basin
water management LIC
water recycling in Kolkata
- sewage water is recycled
- water is used for fish farming and agriculture
1) water goes into shallow lagoons
2) sunlight hit bottom and algea grows
3) fish comes
4) pond is created
water aid, Zambia
- only 28% of people can get clean water
- life expectancy is 30-40
- 2009 school shut from diarehia cases
- contamination of water
- cost effective
- use of bore pipes to extract from aquifers
- underground pipes to stop clean and dirty water mixing
- filters extract poisons in water and sediment
positives and negatives of dams
positives: jobs water storage wash in lake boats and fishing
negatives:
floods = loss of land and property
transport is harder
longer routes of land floods
