Watery World

Question 1

What is water use like in HICs?

Answer 1

14% is domestic, 39% is agriculture, 47% is industry

Question 2

What is water use like in LICs?

Answer 2

4% domestic, 5% is industry, 91% is agricuture

Question 3

What is a river?

Answer 3

A large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake or another stream

Question 4

What is groundwater?

Answer 4

Water that has seeped under the surface and is stored in the soil and rocks below

Question 5

What is a reservoir?

Answer 5

An artificial lake created as part of a water supply system

Question 6

What is the case study for rivers and some facts and figures?

Answer 6

USA, Mojave desert near Las Vegas

• 35 million visitors a year
• Groundwater levels have declined by 90m since 1922
• Hoover Dam was built

Question 7

What is the case study for groundwater and some facts and figures?

Answer 7

Mexico, Mexico city

• Groundwater supplies 15.6 million people in Mexico city alone
• Groundwater supplies have dropped by 100m
• Rapid urbanisation has increased the demand

Question 8

What is the case study for reservoirs and some facts and figures?

Answer 8

UK, Bristol

• 5th largest reservoir in Britain is Chew Valley Lake near Bristol
• Bristol recently built 10,500 houses

Question 9

What is ‘water deficit’?

Answer 9

A situation in which usable water supply does not meet the demand

Question 10

What are the social impacts of water deficit?

Answer 10

o People and countries have less food to go round
o Forest fires which can destroy homes
o Increased starvation from no crops of animal meat

Question 11

What are the economic impacts of water deficit?

Answer 11

o Loss of income from dead animals
o Infertile land so no money can be made
o Businesses fail from no crops to sell

Question 12

What are the environmental impacts of water deficit?

Answer 12

o Forest fires
o Animals die from starvation
o More space is needed to keep up with demand for crops
o Infertile land

Question 13

Name the four water supply problems in HICs and two case studies

Answer 13

Seasonal imbalance
Water quality
Spatial variability
Loss through broken pipes

UK and Spain

Question 14

Define water quality

Answer 14

The standard of water cleanliness

Question 15

Define spatial variability

Answer 15

Difference in supply and demand across the country due to rainfall and population density

Question 16

Define loss through broken pipes

Answer 16

Loss of water through old infrastructure breaking

Question 17

Define seasonal imbalance

Answer 17

Supply and demand for water varies each season

Question 18

Name the three water supply problems in LICs

Answer 18

Lack of clean piped water
Water pollution
Water borne diseases

Question 19

Case study facts and figures for lack of clean piped water

Answer 19

• 1 billion people in LICs lack access to clean piped water

- In Eritrea, only 7% of the population has access to clean piped water, in Cambodia its 13%, African Republic its 19%

Question 20

Facts and figures for mining in LICs

Answer 20

Extracting copper ores produces 99 tonnes of waste and only 1 tonne of the ore

Question 21

Facts and figures for water borne diseases in LICs

Answer 21

In Zimbabwe, 3000 people in 2008 died from cholera

2 billion people are thought to have Bilharzia with 300 million people seriously ill

Question 22

Name the two domestic water management schemes for HICs and their case study location

Answer 22

Managing industrial water usage- USA

Managing domestic water use- UK

Question 23

Name the two domestic water management schemes for LICs and their case study location

Answer 23

Boreholes- Mozambique

Water conservation- Uganda

Question 24

What are case study facts and figures for domestic water management schemes?

Answer 24

USA- 11,000 litres of water is used to make 1 tonne of steel but now it only needs 2,300 litres
UK- Dual flush means only 6 litres of water is used each flush rather than 13 litres
Mozambique- Each borehole only costs $5000
Uganda- WaterAid helped provide them

Question 25

What is the case study for managing water supplies?

Answer 25

Water reclamation and management scheme, Sydney, Australia

Question 26

what are the 8 impacts of the water reclamation scheme?

Answer 26

• Water is 15 cent cheaper per litre
• Develops public confidence in recycled water
• Saves 850 million litres of drinking water
• Treats and reuses 100% sewage water
• Grit and sludge waste generated
• High corrosion rates of copper pipes
• High phosphate levels- ALGAE
• Higher water pH- LIMESCALE

Question 27

What is the case study for water conflict?

Answer 27

The Colorado River

Question 28

What does the government do about the water conflict?

Answer 28

They tried to manage the river so everyone got a fair share, water is taken from upper basin, Arizona doesn’t have enough water for the growing cities

Question 29

What do farmers do about the water conflict?

Answer 29

Cali farmers rely on the water for irrigation, they want as much as they need, they put back the water but its saline and 20% of farmland in Mexico is not being cultivated

Question 30

What do environmental groups do about the water conflict?

Answer 30

The flows should be protected for the ecosystem, they are not happy as the reduced flow has destroyed habitats- like the Totoaba fish and Egret bird

Question 31

What do Mexico do about the water conflict?

Answer 31

They believe they aren’t receiving enough water, extract groundwater on US border, All American Canal is lined so less water leaks into Mexico’s aquifer so there is less groundwater