Waterfalls & River Landforms

Question 1

Define hard rock

Answer 1

This rock is resistant so over a time a ledge develops

Question 2

Define a waterfall

Answer 2

Where the water tumbles over the ledge

Question 3

Define soft rock

Answer 3

This is easier to erode

Question 4

Define a gorge

Answer 4

The waterfall cuts its way up the valley

Question 5

Define fallen rocks

Answer 5

When the ledge collapses it falls into the plunge pool

Question 6

Define plunge pool

Answer 6

Here the debris speeds up erosion

Question 7

Describe the first step as to how a waterfall is formed

Answer 7

The river flows along the hard and soft rock.

Question 8

Describe the second step as to how a waterfall is formed

Answer 8

The soft rock erodes quicker, leaving a small dent between the two rock lines.

Question 9

Describe the third step as to how a waterfall is formed

Answer 9

The waterfall begins to undercut the ledge, creating a plunge pool and a gorge.

Question 10

Describe the fourth step as to how a waterfall is formed

Answer 10

The hard rock collapses. The waterfall recedes upstream.

Question 11

Define a meander

Answer 11

When the river curves/takes a bendy path like a snake

Question 12

Define an oxbow lake

Answer 12

A curved lake, originally a meander which has been cut off from the main river.

Question 13

Define an interlocking spur

Answer 13

A valley which takes alternate extensions, creating a wiggly river

Question 14

Define a v-shaped valley

Answer 14

Formed by erosion from a river or stream over time.