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Geography - Unit One > Water World > Flashcards

Water World Flashcards

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1
Q

What are two factors contributing to the rise in water shortages?

A
  • Increased demand

* More unpredictable weather

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2
Q

What are three ways global warming impacts on precipitation?

A
  • Warmer temperatures are likely to make more rain.
  • Increased moisture in the air means more precipitation.
  • There is a predicted rise in precipitation density - heavier storms.
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3
Q

What impact does global warming have on evaporation?

A

An increase in temperature means more evaporation. This would also affect groundwater storage, making droughts more likely.

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4
Q

What impact does global warming have on river flow?

A

A warmer climate means an earlier Spring. This would melt glacial reserves sooner meaning that river flow in Summer would be reduced.

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5
Q

What are three ways human activity limits the amount of water available?

A
  • Overabstraction
  • Building of reservoirs
  • Deforestation
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6
Q

What is overabstraction?

A

When too much water is taken from a source.

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7
Q

What is an example of overabstraction?

A

The Thames Valley where overabstraction has lead to some tributaries drying up completely.

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8
Q

Give an example of a reservoir.

A

Lake Chad

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9
Q

What are reservoirs built for?

A

Water storage and Hydro-Electric Power.

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10
Q

What are three disadvantages of building reservoirs?

A
  • Loss of land
  • Drowning of crops
  • Spread of disease
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11
Q

What two parts of the hydrological cycle does deforestation reduce?

A
  • Evapotranspiration

* Interception

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12
Q

What is the effect of a drop in Evapotranspiration?

A

A drop in green water and therein a reduction in rainfall.

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13
Q

What is the effect of having less interception?

A

Rain can more easily wash away soil nutrients and finer soil particles leaving a coarser, harder surface.

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14
Q

How many people in the world don’t have a reliable water supply?

A

780 million

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15
Q

What are three impacts of not having a reliable water supply?

A
  • Waterborne diseases like cholera kill a child every second.
  • High risk of crop failure.
  • Tasks like cooking become difficult.
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16
Q

According to the World Bank, how many people could face water shortages by 2025?

A

50%

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17
Q

Since what decade has the Sahel region had droughts?

A

1980s

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18
Q

What did the seasons used to be like in the Sahel region?

A

A mixture of wet and dry.

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19
Q

What has happened to the seasons recently in the Sahel region?

A

The wet seasons have consistently failed.

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20
Q

What are three ways that human activity has contributed to the desertification of the Sahel region?

A
  • Overfarming
  • Overcultivation
  • Firewood collection
21
Q

What are five effects of the changing climate on the Sahel region?

A
  • Crop failure
  • Soil erosion
  • Famine
  • Hunger
  • People less able to work
22
Q

What happened in Niger in 2004?

A

A plague of locusts consumed any surviving crops after a long dry season.

23
Q

What kind of aid are the people of the Sahel getting? Is this sustainable?

A

They are eying food aid. It is helpful but unsustainable?

24
Q

What kind of aid would benefit the Sahel more in the long term?

A

Development aid

25
Q

What are four threats to water quality?

A
  • Untreated sewage being pumped into rivers.
  • Intensive agriculture chemicals bring swept into water.
  • Chemicals leaking into water.
  • Plastic bags clog up waterways.
26
Q

What is the effect of untreated sewage being pumped into water bodies?

A

Increased chance of diseases like Cholera and Typhoid.

27
Q

What is a solution to untreated sewage being pumped into water bodies?

A

Having the sewage treated before coming into contact with rivers.

28
Q

What is the effect of agricultural chemicals washing into water?

A

Kills wildlife

29
Q

What is the solution to agricultural chemicals getting washed into water bodies?

A

Farmers and landowners regulating their use of fertilisers and chemicals.

30
Q

What effect do chemical leaks in water have?

A

The wildlife gets poisoned.

31
Q

What is the solution to chemicals leaking into water?

A

Factories disposing of chemicals before returning any water back to its source. The Environment Agency fine those who don’t.

32
Q

What effect do plastics bags have in waterways?

A

They clog them up

33
Q

How can we prevent plastic bags getting into waterways?

A

Recycle

34
Q

What is an example of a large scale solution to water shortages?

A

Dams

35
Q

What are four costs of building dams?

A
  • Loss of land
  • Can reduce water quality
  • Sediment builds up
  • Clear water erosion - sediment isn’t replaced after erosion
36
Q

What are four benefits of building dams?

A
  • Habitat for water birds
  • Scenic asset
  • Hydroelectric Power
  • Flood control
37
Q

Where does the Nile begin?

A

Ethiopia

38
Q

What are the seasons like in Ethiopia?

A

There are only went and dry seasons.

39
Q

What effect do Ethiopia’s seasons have on the Nile?

A

It frequently floods or dries up depending on the season.

40
Q

When was the Aswan Dam built?

A

1970

41
Q

Why was the Aswan dam built?

A

To maintain a constant water supply for agriculture.

42
Q

What lake was created by the Aswan Dam? How long is it?

A

Lake Nasser which is 560km long.

43
Q

What are four benefits of the High Aswan Dam?

A
  • It can produce hydroelectric power which helps with Ethiopia’s development.
  • Provides irrigation water for farmers.
  • Increase in crops and food
  • No floods anymore
44
Q

What are four problems with the High Aswan Dam?

A
  • Diseases are still present in the water
  • The river delta grows 20-30 metres a year
  • The land is less fertile
  • Fish can get harmed in the dam itself
45
Q

What four qualities make a solution intermediate?

A
  • Cheap
  • Easy to build and maintain
  • Safety
  • Simple to use
46
Q

What are three examples of intermediate technologies?

A

Wells, hand pumps and rain barrels.

47
Q

Describe wells.

A

Wells are dug to reach groundwater supplies. They are lined with concrete and have a concrete lid to prevent pollution.

48
Q

Describe hand pumps.

A

Hand pumps are installed to reach the groundwater reserve. They have a low chance of contaminating the water.

49
Q

Describe rain barrels.

A

Rain barrels collect rainwater from gutters and store it in case of drought. This is also known as rainwater harvesting.

Geography - Unit One (8 decks)

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