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Science > Water Unit Part 1 > Flashcards

Water Unit Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Water Cycle

A

This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply.

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2
Q

Freezing

A

One of the phases changing that solid, liquids, and gas goes throught

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3
Q

Melting

A

One of the phases changing that solid, liquids, and gas goes through

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4
Q

Condensation

A

The process of water changing from a gaseous state to a liquid state.

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5
Q

Vaporization

A

Vaporization can be defined as the process in which liquid state changes into the vapour state. As a result of an increase in temperature, the kinetic energy of the molecules increases.

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6
Q

Sublimation

A

The conversion of a solid directly into a gas without passing through a liquid state.

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7
Q

Desublimation/Deposition

A

The conversion of a gas directly into a solid without passing through a liquid state.

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8
Q

Advection

A

The (horizontal) movement of water through Earth’s atmosphere regardless of its phase.

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9
Q

Surface Runoff

A

Water that flows over the land’s surface rather than infiltrating into the ground.

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10
Q

Precipitation

A

Water released from clouds as rain, sleet, snow, or hail.

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11
Q

Groundwater flow

A

The movement of water within groundwater aquifers beneath the ground surface.

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12
Q

Consumption

A

Consumption means using, buying or eating something. If we don’t reduce our energy consumption, we will run out of fuel. Conspicuous consumption is buying something to show off. Consumption is related to the verb consume, which means to eat, use, or buy.

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13
Q

Absorption

A

The consumption of water by organisms such as plants and animals.

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14
Q

Respiration

A

The release of water from organisms such as animals.

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15
Q

Excretion

A

The release of water from organisms such as animals.

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16
Q

Uptake

A

The process by which plants take up water through their roots.

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17
Q

Transpiration

A

The process by which plants absorb water and release it into the atmosphere.

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18
Q

Infiltration

A

The movement of surface water into rock or soil through cracks and pore spaces.

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19
Q

Evaporation

A

The process by which water is converted from a liquid to a gas or vapour.

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20
Q

Spring

A

A spring is where water flows from the groundwater aquifer to the surface.

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21
Q

Atmosphere/Clouds

A

Visible masses of water droplets or frozen crystals suspended in the atmosphere.

22
Q

Groundwater

A

Water is held underground in pores or crevices in soil or rock.

Water is located beneath the ground surface in pore spaces between gravel, sand, silt, or clay particles or fractures in rocks.

23
Q

Lakes, ponds, and Puddles

A

Liquid water collected and pooled on the ground surface.

24
Q

Ocean

A

Major bodies of saline (salty) water on Earth’s surface.

25
Q

Polar Ice

A

Water stored in ice and snow near the north and south pole.

26
Q

Mountain Glacier

A

Masses of ice that form on mountain slopes and valleys, and move over land.

27
Q

River and streams

A

Water (usually freshwater) flowing in channels over the ground’s surface.

28
Q

Living Organisms

A

Animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms.

29
Q

Watershed

A

All the land that drains into the river either directly or through its tributaries

30
Q

Watershed Divide

A

The high land that separates one drainage basin from another

31
Q

Water Budget

A

Water budgets account for the inputs, outputs and changes in the amount of water of a system by breaking the water cycle down into components
Water Budget - Inputs - Outputs

32
Q

Deficit

A

A deficit occurs when the outputs in the water budget of a system (lake) are greater than the inputs
Deficit = Output > Input

33
Q

Surplus

A

A surplus occurs when the input in the water budget of a system is greater than the outputs
Surplus = Input > Output

34
Q

Point-source

A

a localized and stationary pollution source.

35
Q

Nonpoint-source

A
36
Q

Wastewater

A

wastewater is used water, it includes substances such as Human waste, food scraps, Oils, Soaps and chemicals, and storm runoff

37
Q

Solution

A

a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent)

38
Q

Reservoir

A

a usually artificial
lake that is used to
store a large supply
of water for use in
people’s homes, in
businesses, etc.

39
Q

Turbidity

A

A measure of the relative clarity of water due to suspended matter greater turbidity = murkier water

40
Q

Water Quality Index (WQI)

A

A scale from 0 to 100 to rate water quality with 100 being the highest score. WQI is measured using nine tests:

41
Q

pH

A

A measure of the acid content of water (pH of 7 is neutral)

42
Q

Dissolved Oxygen

A

A measure of the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water.

43
Q

Suspended Solids

A

Suspended solids are the fine particles of sediment in the water. Examples: soil, biological solids, decaying organic matter, and particles discharged in wastewater. Pollutants can attach to suspended solids.

44
Q

Fecal Coliform Bacteria

A

A measure of the amount of fecal coliform bacteria, which is found in human and animal waste.

45
Q

Nitrates

A

A measure of the amount of nitrate (oxidized form of nitrogen) found in the water
- Essential nutrient in aquatic environments

46
Q

Phosphates

A

A measure of the amount of phosphate (chemical compounds made of phosphorus and oxygen) found in the water.
- Essential nutrients in aquatic environments.

47
Q

Total Dissolved Solids

A

A measure of the solids materials dissolved in the water. Includes salts, some organic materials, a wide range of nutrients to toxic materials

48
Q

Temperature Change

A

A measure of the change in temperature

49
Q

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

A

A measure of the amount of biodegradable waste for bacteria that is found in water
- Bacteria use DO in the water to break down organic matter during respiration

50
Q

Dead zones

A
  1. Nutrient runoff (nitrogen and phosphorous) from farms and wastewater (sewage)
  2. Algae bloom (population increase) due to increased nutrients (food) and begin to block sunlight to any photosynthetic organisms below
  3. Algae die off as the population exceeds resources and sinks to the bottom
  4. Decomposers (bacteria) bloom because of more food (dead algae), the decomposers remove oxygen from the water to decompose.
  5. Dead zone formation is created due to hypoxic (D.O. < 2 mg/l) and anoxic conditions (D.O. = 0 mg/l) as a large decomposer population removes oxygen from water

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