Water Treatment Lab Flashcards
Though most people take it for granted, without water treatment and wastewater treatment, we would all be exposed to many more _____ ________.
harmful pathogens
father of modern epidemiology
John Snow
LONDON CHOLERA OUTBREAK, 1854
___ _____ did not exist at the time
germ theory
LONDON CHOLERA OUTBREAK, 1854
Disease was thought to be transmitted by “_____” which was bad air
miasma
LONDON CHOLERA OUTBREAK 1854
_________ at the time were not powerful enough to see the bacteria
Microscopes
LONDON CHOLERA OUTBREAK 1854
Snow used the ________ ______ to deduce the source of the disease
scientific method
LONDON CHOLERA OUTBREAK 1854
Snow observed that a large number of illnesses and deaths were in close proximity to the _____ _____ ____
Broad Street Pump
LONDON CHOLERA OUTBREAK 1854
He convinced the authorities to _____ ___ ______ ____ ___ ____, and the cases of cholera were reduced.
remove the handle from the pump
LONDON CHOLERA OUTBREAK 1854
It turns out that the Broad Street well was
dug too close to a leaking cesspit, and the water was contaminated with sewage
Two types of water sources
ground water
surface water
Ground Water
Pumped out of aquifers – 66% of water usage in Arkansas
Surface Water
Lakes and Streams – 34% of water usage in Arkansas
Local Sources of water
Huckleberry Creek Reservoir – Primary Source
Illinois Bayou – Secondary Source
Lake Dardanelle – Tertiary Source
HUCKLEBERRY CREEK RESERVOIR
Construction began ____
Fully Operational by ____
1993, 1996
HUCKLEBERRY CREEK RESERVOIR
Watershed _____
Max Volume ______
5440 Acres
5.8 Billion Gallons
HUCKLEBERRY CREEK RESERVOIR
Size of lake when full _____
Supply Capacity _______
508 Acres
>40MGD for 120 Days
ILLINOIS BAYOU
Was primary source until 1996
Max capacity of 11 MGD
Supply was variable – dependent on rainfall
Quality was also variable
CITY CORP TREATMENT
STEP 1
HCR Reservoir
Caustic Soda
KMnO4
Powdered Activated Carbon
CITY CORP TREATMENT
STEP 2
SEDIMENTATION
Alum
Polymer
Lime
Corrosion Inhibitor
CITY CORP TREATMENT
STEP 3
FILTRATION
Sand Filtration
Gravity
CITY CORP TREATMENT
STEP 4
DISINFECTION
Sodium Hypochlorite
DISTRIBUTION
Three high service pumps move water to town. Pumps run \_\_\_\_ #1 and #2 capable of up to \_\_ MGD each, and #3 capable of up to \_\_ MGD
24/7
- 0
- 0
DISTRIBUTION
10 Tanks placed around town have a total storage capacity of over _ million gallons
8
DISINFECTION
Samples are tested for …
pH, temperature, chlorine residual, and total coliforms
DISINFECTION
Samples collected every other week from __ locations around town, plus one raw water sample from ___ ______
34,
the reservoir
FILTRATION
_____ filters
Final step before water is sent to the distribution system
Consist of a layer of _____ ____, a layer of ____, and an _________
Each capable of up to 6 MGD
Filters are washed once a week
Three
anthracite coal, sand, underdrain
