Unit 3 Flashcards
For populations that are isolated, random events such as a fire or flash flood can lead to which of the following outcomes?
increased risk of extermination
_________________ is a set of EPA-regulated actions that minimize pollution problems caused by construction, industrial, or land-use impacts on streams and lakes.
best management practices
______ contributes to the health and wellbeing of ecosystems, which in turn benefits human populations by providing ecosystem goods and services as well as cultural and health benefits.
Biodiversity
Human action has contributed to extinction around the world in what is being called the “_____ ______ ______.”
“sixth mass extinction.”
Evolution is defined as a change in ________ ________ in a population over time.
gene frequencies
How can CITES protect endangered species if it only regulates international trade? Do you think this is sufficient to protect endangered species? Why or why not?
CITES protects endangered species by controlling their sale or trade across national boundaries, thus making it unproductive to harvest or kill endangered species. Possible answers: Yes, it is enough because if it is difficult or impossible to legally trade/sell ivory (or what have you), then there is no point in poaching it. OR No, because it does not criminalize harvesting the species OR No, because it cannot regulate trade within a country.
All apples belong to the species Malus domestica. The wide variety of apples available in the produce department of your local grocery store is an example of __________ diversity.
genetic
Successful conservation efforts consider the needs of people who live in the area. _______ and ____-___-______ _____ can provide funding and incentives to protect natural areas; in the process, they benefit local communities.
Ecotourism, debt-for-nature swaps
True or False: The sector that uses the highest percentage of water globally is industry.
False
Dams are often constructed to create _________, large bodies of water that hold freshwater for flood control, electricity production, etc.
reservoirs
In order to implement an ecosystem approach to conservation, we must know …
how to identify when an ecosystem is in danger.
Individuals do not change their own genes to produce new adaptations – they simply ___ ______ ______ __ to the next generation if they survive to reproduce.
pass their traits on
Population size matters as well as _______ _____ and _______ _____ affect how quickly natural selection might produce a change in a population
reproductive rate, generation time
In California, snowmelt in the Sierra Nevada Mountains can provide up to _______ of the state’s water.
1/3
A ______________ (two words) is a method that can be used to assess the status of an aquatic ecosystem.
biological assesment
Why is biodiversity loss a concern?
It disrupts ecological connections, potentially diminishing ecosystem services.
Human provisions of biodiverstity
food fiber products such as cotton and wool fuel pharmaceuticals
Water scarcity can be ______ or ______.
physical, economic
Ten thousand years ago, most members of Species A were killed by a series of volcanic eruptions. However, some members escaped; all modern members of Species A are descended from those 100 individuals. This is an example of:
the bottleneck effect
>__% of modern-day extinction have been caused by humans
>75%
Wastewater can be decontaminated using high-tech methods that use advanced filtration and harsh chemicals or low-tech methods that mimic the way wetlands purify water.
Both methods use _______ to break down sewage.
bacteria
Which of the following is NOT likely to result from eutrophication?
an increase in sunlight penetration
“When exposed to pesticides, some Japanese beetles become more pesticide resistant and harder to kill.” There is something wrong with this statement. Reword it to more accurately represent what happens when pesticide application leads to a pesticide resistant population.
The problem here is with the word “become” — this implies that individuals change their vulnerability (and genetic makeup) to the pesticide upon exposure. “When exposed to pesticides, most Japanese beetles may die but some individuals survive due to natural resistance. The survivors produce the next generation, a population where many (or most) individuals possess the same trait as their surviving parents — pesticide resistance.”
248 million years ago largest extinction event on record, with 90-95% of all marine species lost
Permian extinction
