Water transport osmosis

Question 1

Total Body Water (TBW)

Answer 1

60% of body weight. Further divided into 2/3 intracellular fluid and 1/3 extracellular fluid.

Question 2

Edema

Answer 2

pathophysiological shift of fluid from the intravascular to extravascular compartment and indicates an increase in TBW measured as an increase in body weight.

Question 3

aquaporins

Answer 3

water molecule specific channels. facilitated diffusion. much faster than water transport by simple diffusion

Question 4

osmosis

Answer 4

process of net movement of water caused by a concentration difference of water between two compartments. occurs via simple or facilitated diffusion. never goes against concentration gradient.

Question 5

osmolarity

Answer 5

sum total of all the solute concentrations in a compartment. high osmolarity means water concentration is low. low osmolarity means water concentration is high.

Question 6

rate of net solute diffusion across the membrane is dependent

Answer 6

upon the magnitude of the solute concentration gradient across the membrane

Question 7

osmotic pressure

Answer 7

amount of pressure that would have to be applied to force water back into its original chamber. result of water moving down its osmotic gradient until two chambers are in equilibrium.

magnitude related to solute concentration. greater in more concentrated solutions.

Question 8

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 8

The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. Hydrostatic pressure increases in proportion to depth measured from the surface because of the increasing weight of fluid exerting downward force from above

Question 9

isotonic (iso-osmolar)

Answer 9

solution with osmotic pressure or osmolarity equal to plasma (300 mOsm/kg)

Question 10

hypertonic (hyper-osmolar)

Answer 10

solutions with a greater osmolarity than plasma

Question 11

hypotonic (hypo-osmolar)

Answer 11

solutions with less osmolarity than plasma

Question 12

response to cell shrinking

Answer 12

shrinkage activates two ion transporters, and ions enter the cell. by osmosis, water enters the cell, returning it to normal.

Question 13

response to cell swelling

Answer 13

swelling activates two sets of pathways and ions leave the cell. by osmosis, water leaves the cell returning it to normal.