Water & Solutions Vocavulary Flashcards
Capillary Action
The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid.
Vaporization
The process by which a liquid or solid changes to a gas.
Evaporation
The process by which particles escape from the surface of a non boiling liquid and enter the gas state.
Condensation
The process by which a gas changes to a liquid.
Polar
Bonds that have an uneven distribution of charge.
Nonpolar
Bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge.
Solubility
The amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature.
Soluble
Capable of being dissolved.
Solution
A homogenous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase.
Solute
Substance dissolved in a solution.
Solvent
The dissolving medium in a solution.
Solvated
A solute particle that is surrounded by solvent molecules.
Dipole
Created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance.
Surface Tension
A force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to smallest possible size.
Hydrogen bond
The electrostatic attraction between polar molecules that occurs when a hydrogen atom bound to a highly electronegative atom experiences attraction to some other nearby highly electronegative atom.
Universal solvent
Water; a solvent able to dissolve every other substance.
Aqueous solution
A solution in which the solvent is water.
Suspension
A mixture in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated.
Colloids
A mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solution and suspensions.
Tyndall effect
Light scattering by particles in a colloid or particles in a fine suspension.
Electrolyte
A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current.
Nonelectrolyte
A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current.
Saturated solution
A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute.
Unsaturated solution
A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions.
Supersaturated solution
A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions.
Hydration
A solution process with water as the solvent.
Immiscible
Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other.
Miscible
Liquid solutes and solvents that are able to dissolve freely in one another in any process.
Precipitate
A solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution.
Emulsion
A fine dispersion of minute droplets on one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible.
Henry’s law
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid.
Effervescence
The rapid escape of a gas from the liquid in which it is dissolved.
Concentration
A measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.
Molarity
The number of moles of solute in one liter of solution.
Molality
The concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
