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Chemistry > Water & Solutions Vocavulary > Flashcards

Water & Solutions Vocavulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Capillary Action

A

The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid.

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2
Q

Vaporization

A

The process by which a liquid or solid changes to a gas.

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3
Q

Evaporation

A

The process by which particles escape from the surface of a non boiling liquid and enter the gas state.

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4
Q

Condensation

A

The process by which a gas changes to a liquid.

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5
Q

Polar

A

Bonds that have an uneven distribution of charge.

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6
Q

Nonpolar

A

Bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge.

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7
Q

Solubility

A

The amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature.

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8
Q

Soluble

A

Capable of being dissolved.

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9
Q

Solution

A

A homogenous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase.

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10
Q

Solute

A

Substance dissolved in a solution.

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11
Q

Solvent

A

The dissolving medium in a solution.

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12
Q

Solvated

A

A solute particle that is surrounded by solvent molecules.

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13
Q

Dipole

A

Created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance.

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14
Q

Surface Tension

A

A force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to smallest possible size.

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15
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

The electrostatic attraction between polar molecules that occurs when a hydrogen atom bound to a highly electronegative atom experiences attraction to some other nearby highly electronegative atom.

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16
Q

Universal solvent

A

Water; a solvent able to dissolve every other substance.

17
Q

Aqueous solution

A

A solution in which the solvent is water.

18
Q

Suspension

A

A mixture in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated.

19
Q

Colloids

A

A mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solution and suspensions.

20
Q

Tyndall effect

A

Light scattering by particles in a colloid or particles in a fine suspension.

21
Q

Electrolyte

A

A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current.

22
Q

Nonelectrolyte

A

A substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current.

23
Q

Saturated solution

A

A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute.

24
Q

Unsaturated solution

A

A solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions.

25
Q

Supersaturated solution

A

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions.

26
Q

Hydration

A

A solution process with water as the solvent.

27
Q

Immiscible

A

Liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other.

28
Q

Miscible

A

Liquid solutes and solvents that are able to dissolve freely in one another in any process.

29
Q

Precipitate

A

A solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution.

30
Q

Emulsion

A

A fine dispersion of minute droplets on one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible.

31
Q

Henry’s law

A

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid.

32
Q

Effervescence

A

The rapid escape of a gas from the liquid in which it is dissolved.

33
Q

Concentration

A

A measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.

34
Q

Molarity

A

The number of moles of solute in one liter of solution.

35
Q

Molality

A

The concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Chemistry (4 decks)

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