Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Nutrition & Metabolism > Water soluble vitamins > Flashcards

Water soluble vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What is one of the main roles of B vitamins?

A

Provides co-enzymes for energy motabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are B vitamins excreted?

A

In urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

B vitamin strorage

A

There is no B vitamin storage site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many B vitamins are there?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the name of B1?

A

Thiamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the name of B2?

A

Riboflavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name of B3?

A

Niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name of B5?

A

Pantothenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name of B12?

A

Cobalamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the individual B vitamins?

A 
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Pantothenic acid
Vitamin B6
Biotin
Folic acid
Cobalamin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name of B7?

A

Biotin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the name of B9?

A

Folic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is thiamin pyrophosphate involved in?

A

Converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA
Citric acid cycle
Required during pentose phosphate pathway
Affects nervous system
Affects formation of acetyl choline from ecetyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What coenzyme is thiamin important for?

A

Thiamin pyrophoshate (TPP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What doe thiamin pyrophosphate do in the pentose phosphate pathway?

A

Produces ribose-5-phosphate for nucleic acid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptoms of thiamin deficiency?

A

Loss of appetite
Cardiac enlargement
Oedema
Increased pyruvate and lactate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are sources of thiamin?

A

Whole grains
Meat and fish
Pulses
Nuts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the RDI of thiamin?

A

1 mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can cause thiamin levels in foods to be reduced?

A

Cooking
Exposure to light
Polyphenols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Excessive consumption of what can interfere with thiamin absorption into blood circulation?

A

Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can a thiamin deficiency lead to?

A

Either dry or wet beriberi (never at the same time)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dry beriberi

A

Thiamin defeciency

Causes loss of sensation in feet and inabality to lift feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Wet beriberi

A

Thiamin deficiency
Pyruvate and lactate accumulate in the blood
This causes intense vasodilation
Results in cardiac failure, odeoma and cardiac enlargment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

Common in alcoholics
Thiamin is needed for alcohol metabolism
Alcohol consumption inhibits thiamin absorption
Causes loss of recent memory, low consciousness and coordination and paralysis of eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which disease caused by thiamin deficiency happens to active people?

A

Beriberi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which disease caused by thiamin deficiency happens to inactive people?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What coeznymes are riboflavin part of?

A 
Flavin mononuecleotide (FMN)
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the coenzymes of riboflavin involved in?

A

Electron transport chain
Krebs cycle
Fatty acid oxidation
Amino acid oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the source of riboflavin?

A 
Milk and milk products
Eggs
Liver
Kidney
Fortified breakfast cereals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What destroys riboflavin?

A

Exposure to light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does riboflavin deficiency cause?

A

Lesions to the margin of the lips and the corners of the mouth
Magenta coloured tongue
Affects lipid metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the RDI of riboflavin?

A

1.3 mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why might riboflavin deficiency give some resistance to malaria?

A

Parasite may require lots of it

May be because red blood cells have fragile membranes

34
Q

What coenzymes is niacin part of?

A

NAD

NADP

35
Q

What are the coenzymes of niacin involved in?

A

NAD - plays central role in the electron transport chain

NADP - important in fatty acid synthesis

36
Q

What foods are a source of niacin?

A 
Meat, especially liver and kidney
Fish
Peanuts
Bran
Pulses
Wholemeal wheat
Coffee
37
Q

What is the other main source of niacin?

A

Produced from tryptophan in the liver

38
Q

What is the RDI of niacin?

A

14 mg/day in women

16 mg/day in men

39
Q

What disease does niacin deficiency cause?

A

Pellagra

40
Q

What are the 3D’s of pellagra?

A

Dermatitis
Diarrhoea
Delirium/dementia

41
Q

What are the symptoms of pellagra?

A

Skin inflammation
Skin lesions
Pigmentation
Cracking of skin

42
Q

What factors can affect niacin?

A

Excess leucine inhibits synthesis of NAD from tryptophan

Estrogen metabolites inhibit trptophan metabolism in women

43
Q

What is the metabolically active form of vitamin B6?

A

Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP)

44
Q

What is pryidoxal 5’-phosphate a major coenzyme in?

A

Transamination, deamination and synthesis of non-essential amino acids
Homcysteine metabolism
Formation of niacin from tryptophan

45
Q

What other B vitamin is required in the formation of niacin from tryptophan?

A

B6

46
Q

What are the food sources of vitamin B6?

A 
Meats
Whole grain products
Vegetables
Bananas
Nuts
47
Q

What is the RDI of vitamin B6?

A

1.5 mg/day

48
Q

Vitamin B6 and glycogen phosphorylase

A

B6 is associated with the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase

This enzyme is part of glycolysis

49
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency?

A 
Weakness
Sleeplessness
Dermatitis
Anaemia
Impaired immunit
50
Q

Influence of biotin

A

Coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes involved in metabolic pathways
Coenzyme for pyruvate carboxylase in gluconeogenesis
Induces synthesis of key enzymes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

51
Q

What are the main sources of biotin?

A

Food sources

Produced by bacteria in large intestine

52
Q

Which form of vitamin B is very rare to have a deficiency?

A

Biotin

53
Q

Symptoms of biotin deficiency

A 
Skin rash
Loss of hair
Anorexia
Hypercholsterolemia
Depression
54
Q

RDI of biotin

A

30 ug/day

55
Q

What is pantothenic acid contribute to? (proteins)

A

Coenzyme A

Acyl carrier protein (ACP)

56
Q

What is pantothenic acid involved in?

A

TCA cycle
Fatty acid synthesis
Lipid synthesis

57
Q

What are the symptoms of pantothenic acid deficiency?

A 
Depression
Insomnia
Fatigue
Vomiting
Muscle weakness
Burning sensation in feet
58
Q

What is the RDI of pentothenic acid?

A

5 mg/day

59
Q

What forms does folic acid naturally occur in?

A

Tetrahydrofolate (THF)

5,10-methylene THF

60
Q

What does the THF form of folic acid influence?

A

1-carbon transfers such as methylation to form thymidylate
Purine and pyrimidine synthesis
Re-methylation of homocysteine to methionine

61
Q

What does a deficiency of folic acid cause?

A

Reduced ability for cell division

62
Q

Which B vitamin is required in larger amounts during pregnancy?
What does not matching the required amount cause?

A

Folic acid:
Megaloblastic anaemia
Neural tube defects

63
Q

What are the RDIs for folic acid?

A

400 ug/day
Pregnant women - 600 ug/day
Lactating women - 500 ug/day

64
Q

What are the food sources of folic acid?

A 
Leafy vegetables
Liver
Kidney
Beans
Beetroot
Bran
Peanuts
Wholemeal bread
Eggs
Bananas
65
Q

What B vitamin does folic acid interact with and how?

A 
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
Masks symptoms of B12 deficiency with correcting associated neurological symptoms
66
Q

What coenzymes have vitamin B12 present?

A

Methylcobalamin

Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin

67
Q

What are the sources of vitamin B12?

A

Synthesised by bacteria

Food intake

68
Q

What enzymes are dependant on vitamin B12?

A

Methylmalonyl CoA mutase

Methionine synthase

69
Q

What are the food sources of vitamin B12?

A 
Meat
Fish
Shellfish
Milk
Egg
Cheese
Yoghurt
70
Q

Which vitamin is not present in any plant food sources?

A

Vitamin B12

71
Q

What does the absorption of vitamin B12 depend upon?

A

Intrinsic factors

72
Q

What happens when there are not enough intrinsic factors present?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

73
Q

What are the outcomes of vitamin B12 deficiency?

A 
Pernicious anaemia (release of immature RBCs in to the blood stream)
Vitamin 12 neuropathy (spinal cord degeneration)
74
Q

What is the RDI of vitamin 12?

A

2.5 ug/day

75
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic acid
Strong antioxidant
Co-factor for many enzymes

76
Q

What is vitamin C important in?

A

Collagen synethsis
Iron conversion from ferric form to more soluble ferrous form
Enhances absorption of non-haem iron

77
Q

What reduces plasma ascorbic acid levels?

A

Smoking

78
Q

What are the food sources of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

A

Citrus fruits
Peppers
Potatoes
Brassica vegetables

79
Q

What is the RDI of vitamin C?

A

40 mg/day

80
Q

What does vitamin C deficiency cause?

A

Scurvy

81
Q

What are the main characteristics of scurvy and what causes them?

A

Bleeding gums and anaemia

Caused by impaired synthesis and repair of collagen and fragile capillaires

Human Nutrition & Metabolism (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions