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Nutrition > Water Soluble vitamins > Flashcards

Water Soluble vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What type of Vitamins are lost in cooking

A

Water-soluble

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2
Q

are Water soluble vitamins stored

A

No

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3
Q

How are dietary water soluble vitamin absorbed across the SI

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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4
Q

How are Supplemental water soluble vitamins absorbed across the SI

A

Passive diffusion

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5
Q

What are the Main water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin C

B-Complex Vitamins

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6
Q

Which B vitamins are energy releasing

A 
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Pantothenic acid
Biotin
B6
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7
Q

Which B vitamins are Hematopoietic

A

Folate
B12
B6
Pantothenic acid

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8
Q

What is another name for Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic acid

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9
Q

Vitamin C is essential for which animals

A

Humans
Primates
Fruit bats
Guinea pig

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10
Q

What is the oxidized from of ascorbic acid

A

Dehydroascorbic acid

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11
Q

How does Vitamin C act as an antioxident

A

Donate H to free radicals

Regenerates Vitamin E in cells

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12
Q

Vitamin C is a Coenzyme for which mineral containing enzymes

A

Iron

Copper

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13
Q

The enzymes Vitamin C is a Coenzyme for partake in the formation of what in the body

A

Collagen
Carnitine
Neurotransmitters

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14
Q

Which amino acids require Vitamin C to become hyroxylized

A

Proline

Lysine

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15
Q

What does Vitamin C do to iron absorption

A

Enhances absorption of Iron in plants

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16
Q

What is the Recommended daily intake of Vitamin C in men and women

A

Men 90 mg

Women 75 mg

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17
Q

How much more Vitamin C does a smoker need to take each day

A

addition 35 mg

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18
Q

What are the 4 H of Scurvy

A

Hemorrhagic signs
Hyperkeratosis of hair
Hypochondriasis
Hematoligic

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19
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake of vitamin C

A

2g

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20
Q

Who should not take high dose vitamin C

A

Kidney disease patients

Impaired iron metabolism

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21
Q

What is the name for vitamin B1

A

Thiamin

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22
Q

What is the Coenzyme form of thiamin

A

TDP

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23
Q

What is the non-coenzyme form of Thiamin

A

TTP

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24
Q

What is the function of the Coenzyme form of thiamin (TDP)

A

Energy production

NADPH & pentose synthesis

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25
Q

What is the function of the noncoenzyme form of thiamin (TTP)

A

Nervous system

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26
Q

Which step in glycolosis is TDP used

A

Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA

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27
Q

What step of the krebs cycle is TDP used

A

a-ketogluterate to succinyl CoA

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28
Q

What is the RDA for men and women for thiamin

A 
Men = 1.2
Women = 1.1
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29
Q

What are good sources of Thiamin

A

Pork
Whole grians
Enriched flour
Dried beans

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30
Q

Why is Shellfish + Fish not a good source of thiamin

A

Because they contain Thiaminases

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31
Q

What destroys Thiamin

A

Heat
Oxidation
Light

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32
Q

What are the major targets of thiamin deficiency

A

Peripheral nerves
Heart
Brian

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33
Q

What disease is associated with thiamin deficiency in alcoholics

A

Wernike-korsakoff syndrome

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34
Q

What is Wet beriberi

A

Adult thiamin deficiency

Causes: enlarged heart, edema, tense calf muscles, high BP

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35
Q

What is Dry Beriberi

A

Geriatric thiamin deficiency

Causes: Muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy

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36
Q

What is Acute Beriberi

A

Infant thiamin deficiency

Causes: Anorexia, Vomiting, Enlarged heart

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37
Q

What is a risk of developing Wet and Dry Beriberi

A

Malabsorption

Dietary deficiency

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38
Q

What is a risk of developing acute beriberi

A

Dietary deficiency

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39
Q

what are some diseases that may contribute to thiamin malabsorption

A 
IBS
Celiac disease
crohns disease
GI cancers
cystic fibrosis
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40
Q

What function in the nervous system does TTP play

A

Regulates sodium channels and chloride transport in nerve transuction

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41
Q

What is the name for Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

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42
Q

What are the two forms of RIboflavin

A

FMN

FAD

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43
Q

Which form of riboflavin is attached to AMP

A

FAD

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44
Q

Which complex of the ETC uses FMN

A

Complex 1

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45
Q

Which complex of the ETC uses FAD

A

Complex 2

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46
Q

FAD and FMN and important in which type of reactions

A

Reduction reactions

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47
Q

Which step is FAD used in Beta oxidation

A

1st step

48
Q

Which step is FAD used in the krebs cycle

A

Succinate to Fumerate

49
Q

What is the RDA for men and women for Riboflavin

A

Men 1.3mg

women 1.1 mg

50
Q

What are good sources of Riboflavin

A 
Dairy
Green leavy vegies
Whole grains
Meats
Eggs
51
Q

Is Ribovlafin stable during cooking

A

Yes

52
Q

What is Riboflavin deficiency called

A

Ariboflavinosis

53
Q

What is a unique symptom of Ariboflavinosis

A

Magenta tongue

54
Q

A sever riboflavin deficiency will inhibit the synthesis of what

A

Vitamin B6

NAD

55
Q

Who is at risk of riboflavin deficiency

A

Alcoholics
Diabetics
Thyroid disorders
Antidepressants

56
Q

What is an effective dose of riboflavin for treating migranes

A

400mg

57
Q

What is the name of vitamin B3

A

Niacin

58
Q

What are the coenzymes that Niacin forms

A

NAD

NADP

59
Q

Which complex of the ETC uses Niacin

A

Complex 1

60
Q

Which step of beta oxidation uses Niacin

A

3rd step

61
Q

What is the RDA of Niacin for men and women

A

16mg

14mg

62
Q

How much tryptophan is equivalent to 1 mg of niacin

A

60 mg

63
Q

What are good sources of Niacin

A 
Chicken
Fish
Pork
Beef
Peanuts
Yeast
64
Q

What is Niacin deficiency called

A

Pellagra

65
Q

What are the 4 D’s of Pellagra (niacin deficiency)

A

Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea
Death

66
Q

What two deficiencies are normally found together

A

Pellagra

Ariboflavinosis

67
Q

What is the Tolerable Upper intake of Niacin

A

35 mg/day

68
Q

What are the side effects of Niacin toxicity

A

Heartburn
Liver damage
Gout
Vasodilation

69
Q

What is the name for vitamin B5

A

Pantothenic acid

70
Q

What is Pantothenic acid a part of

A

Coenzyme A

Acyl-carrier protein

71
Q

Pantothenic acid is used to synthesis what

A

Fatty acids
Cholesterol
Bile acids
Steroid hormones

72
Q

What is the RDA of Pantothenic acid for adults

A

5 mg

73
Q

What is Pantothenic acid deficiency called

A

Burning feed syndrome

74
Q

What are the two forms of Biotin in the body

A

Biotin

Biocytin

75
Q

Which from of biotin is attached to lysine

A

Biocytin

76
Q

What does Biotin act as a coenzyme for

A

Carboxylases

77
Q

What step is biotin needed in Fatty acid synthesis

A

Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA

The committed step

78
Q

What is the RDA for biotin in adults

A

30 ug

79
Q

What is the problem with consuming raw eggs and biotin intake

A

Eggs contain a Biotin Chelator which binds to biotin and prevents absorption

80
Q

What percentage of pregnant women have a biotin deficiency. What can it cause

A

50-80% have marginal deficiency

Can lead to birth defects or abnormal metabolism

81
Q

The synthesis of Tryptophan to niacin requires which B vitamin

A

Riboflavin

B6

82
Q

What mineral is needed to convert tryptophan into niacin

A

Iron

83
Q

What is the RDA for Vitamin B6 for adults (19-50) and for 51 and up

A

Adults = 1.3mg

Men > 51 = 1.7 mg
Women >51 = 1.5 mg

84
Q

What does a vitamin B6 deficiency cause

A 
Glossitis
Cheilosis
Stomatitis
Fatigue
Peripheral neuropathy
Seizures
85
Q

Who is at a higher risk of Vit B6 deficiency

A

Corticosteroid users
TB patients
Celiac disease patients
Renal disease patients

86
Q

What is the Tolerable upper intake for vitamin B6

A

100 mg/day

87
Q

Vitamin B6 toxicity can cause

A

Peripheral neuropathy
Degeneration of nerve fibers
Demyelination

88
Q

What is the name for Vitamin B9

A

Folate

89
Q

What form of Folate is in supplemental form

A

Folic acid

90
Q

What enzyme removes the glutamic acid from folate allowing it to cross the brush boarder

A

Conjugase

91
Q

What inhibits Conjugase (thus lowering folate absorption)

A

Legumes
Oranges
Cabbage
Chronic alcohol consumption

92
Q

What form is folate transported from the SI to the liver as

A

THF

93
Q

Why is folate important in embryogenesis

A

DNA synthesis/repair

Formation of RBC and WBC

94
Q

Which amino acids require Folate as a Coenzyme to be metabolized

A

Histidine to Glutamate
Homocystine to methionine
Glycine to serine

95
Q

What B vitamin is required to regenerate THF when converting homocystine to methionine

A

B12

96
Q

What is the RDA of Folate for adults

A

400 ug

97
Q

What percent of Folate is lost during cooking

A

50-90%

98
Q

How long does it take to develop Folate deficiency in a folate low diet

A

1 month

99
Q

What is the name for folate deficiency

A

Megaloblastic Macrocytic anemia

100
Q

Folate deficiency normally occurs with what other vitamin deficiency

A

B12

101
Q

What is the Tolerable upper intake for folate

A

1 mg

102
Q

What can high doses of Folate cause

A

Mask B12 deficiency

Cause a Zinc deficiency

103
Q

What is the name for vitamin B12

A

Cobalamin

104
Q

What form of Vitamin B12 is made by micro organisms

A

Cyanocobalamin

105
Q

What needs to be released by parietal cells of the stomach in order for B12 to be absorbed

A

Intrinsic factor

106
Q

What can cause a decrease in B12 digestion and absorption

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
GERD meds
Pancreatic insufficiency
Malabsorptive syndromes

107
Q

Where is the body is most of the B12 stored

A

The liver

108
Q

What transports B12 in the blood

A

Transcobalamins

109
Q

What is the RDA of Cobalamin

A

2.4 ug

110
Q

What percent of Cobalamin is lost in cooking

A

33%

111
Q

What does B12 deficiency cause

A

Megaloblastic anemia

Demyelination of nerver

112
Q

How is pernicious anemia treated

A

B12 injections

113
Q

What is the difference between Pernicious anemia and Megaloblastic anemia

A

Pernicious anemia is an auto immune condition

114
Q

What foods are high in B12

A

Meats

115
Q

Why does it take years for vegans to develop vitamin B12 deficiency

A

5-10 years due to storage in liver

Nutrition (2 decks)

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