Water Soluble vitamins Flashcards
1
Q
What type of Vitamins are lost in cooking
A
Water-soluble
2
Q
are Water soluble vitamins stored
A
No
3
Q
How are dietary water soluble vitamin absorbed across the SI
A
Facilitated Diffusion
4
Q
How are Supplemental water soluble vitamins absorbed across the SI
A
Passive diffusion
5
Q
What are the Main water soluble vitamins
A
Vitamin C
B-Complex Vitamins
6
Q
Which B vitamins are energy releasing
A
Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Pantothenic acid Biotin B6
7
Q
Which B vitamins are Hematopoietic
A
Folate
B12
B6
Pantothenic acid
8
Q
What is another name for Vitamin C
A
Ascorbic acid
9
Q
Vitamin C is essential for which animals
A
Humans
Primates
Fruit bats
Guinea pig
10
Q
What is the oxidized from of ascorbic acid
A
Dehydroascorbic acid
11
Q
How does Vitamin C act as an antioxident
A
Donate H to free radicals
Regenerates Vitamin E in cells
12
Q
Vitamin C is a Coenzyme for which mineral containing enzymes
A
Iron
Copper
13
Q
The enzymes Vitamin C is a Coenzyme for partake in the formation of what in the body
A
Collagen
Carnitine
Neurotransmitters
14
Q
Which amino acids require Vitamin C to become hyroxylized
A
Proline
Lysine
15
Q
What does Vitamin C do to iron absorption
A
Enhances absorption of Iron in plants
16
Q
What is the Recommended daily intake of Vitamin C in men and women
A
Men 90 mg
Women 75 mg
17
Q
How much more Vitamin C does a smoker need to take each day
A
addition 35 mg
18
Q
What are the 4 H of Scurvy
A
Hemorrhagic signs
Hyperkeratosis of hair
Hypochondriasis
Hematoligic
19
Q
What is the tolerable upper intake of vitamin C
A
2g
20
Q
Who should not take high dose vitamin C
A
Kidney disease patients
Impaired iron metabolism
21
Q
What is the name for vitamin B1
A
Thiamin
22
Q
What is the Coenzyme form of thiamin
A
TDP
23
Q
What is the non-coenzyme form of Thiamin
A
TTP
24
Q
What is the function of the Coenzyme form of thiamin (TDP)
A
Energy production
NADPH & pentose synthesis
25
What is the function of the noncoenzyme form of thiamin (TTP)
Nervous system
26
Which step in glycolosis is TDP used
Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA
27
What step of the krebs cycle is TDP used
a-ketogluterate to succinyl CoA
28
What is the RDA for men and women for thiamin
```
Men = 1.2
Women = 1.1
```
29
What are good sources of Thiamin
Pork
Whole grians
Enriched flour
Dried beans
30
Why is Shellfish + Fish not a good source of thiamin
Because they contain Thiaminases
31
What destroys Thiamin
Heat
Oxidation
Light
32
What are the major targets of thiamin deficiency
Peripheral nerves
Heart
Brian
33
What disease is associated with thiamin deficiency in alcoholics
Wernike-korsakoff syndrome
34
What is Wet beriberi
Adult thiamin deficiency
Causes: enlarged heart, edema, tense calf muscles, high BP
35
What is Dry Beriberi
Geriatric thiamin deficiency
Causes: Muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy
36
What is Acute Beriberi
Infant thiamin deficiency
Causes: Anorexia, Vomiting, Enlarged heart
37
What is a risk of developing Wet and Dry Beriberi
Malabsorption
| Dietary deficiency
38
What is a risk of developing acute beriberi
Dietary deficiency
39
what are some diseases that may contribute to thiamin malabsorption
```
IBS
Celiac disease
crohns disease
GI cancers
cystic fibrosis
```
40
What function in the nervous system does TTP play
Regulates sodium channels and chloride transport in nerve transuction
41
What is the name for Vitamin B2
Riboflavin
42
What are the two forms of RIboflavin
FMN
| FAD
43
Which form of riboflavin is attached to AMP
FAD
44
Which complex of the ETC uses FMN
Complex 1
45
Which complex of the ETC uses FAD
Complex 2
46
FAD and FMN and important in which type of reactions
Reduction reactions
47
Which step is FAD used in Beta oxidation
1st step
48
Which step is FAD used in the krebs cycle
Succinate to Fumerate
49
What is the RDA for men and women for Riboflavin
Men 1.3mg
| women 1.1 mg
50
What are good sources of Riboflavin
```
Dairy
Green leavy vegies
Whole grains
Meats
Eggs
```
51
Is Ribovlafin stable during cooking
Yes
52
What is Riboflavin deficiency called
Ariboflavinosis
53
What is a unique symptom of Ariboflavinosis
Magenta tongue
54
A sever riboflavin deficiency will inhibit the synthesis of what
Vitamin B6
| NAD
55
Who is at risk of riboflavin deficiency
Alcoholics
Diabetics
Thyroid disorders
Antidepressants
56
What is an effective dose of riboflavin for treating migranes
400mg
57
What is the name of vitamin B3
Niacin
58
What are the coenzymes that Niacin forms
NAD
| NADP
59
Which complex of the ETC uses Niacin
Complex 1
60
Which step of beta oxidation uses Niacin
3rd step
61
What is the RDA of Niacin for men and women
16mg
| 14mg
62
How much tryptophan is equivalent to 1 mg of niacin
60 mg
63
What are good sources of Niacin
```
Chicken
Fish
Pork
Beef
Peanuts
Yeast
```
64
What is Niacin deficiency called
Pellagra
65
What are the 4 D's of Pellagra (niacin deficiency)
Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea
Death
66
What two deficiencies are normally found together
Pellagra
| Ariboflavinosis
67
What is the Tolerable Upper intake of Niacin
35 mg/day
68
What are the side effects of Niacin toxicity
Heartburn
Liver damage
Gout
Vasodilation
69
What is the name for vitamin B5
Pantothenic acid
70
What is Pantothenic acid a part of
Coenzyme A
| Acyl-carrier protein
71
Pantothenic acid is used to synthesis what
Fatty acids
Cholesterol
Bile acids
Steroid hormones
72
What is the RDA of Pantothenic acid for adults
5 mg
73
What is Pantothenic acid deficiency called
Burning feed syndrome
74
What are the two forms of Biotin in the body
Biotin
| Biocytin
75
Which from of biotin is attached to lysine
Biocytin
76
What does Biotin act as a coenzyme for
Carboxylases
77
What step is biotin needed in Fatty acid synthesis
Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA
***The committed step***
78
What is the RDA for biotin in adults
30 ug
79
What is the problem with consuming raw eggs and biotin intake
Eggs contain a Biotin Chelator which binds to biotin and prevents absorption
80
What percentage of pregnant women have a biotin deficiency. What can it cause
50-80% have marginal deficiency
Can lead to birth defects or abnormal metabolism
81
The synthesis of Tryptophan to niacin requires which B vitamin
Riboflavin
| B6
82
What mineral is needed to convert tryptophan into niacin
Iron
83
What is the RDA for Vitamin B6 for adults (19-50) and for 51 and up
Adults = 1.3mg
Men > 51 = 1.7 mg
Women >51 = 1.5 mg
84
What does a vitamin B6 deficiency cause
```
Glossitis
Cheilosis
Stomatitis
Fatigue
Peripheral neuropathy
Seizures
```
85
Who is at a higher risk of Vit B6 deficiency
Corticosteroid users
TB patients
Celiac disease patients
Renal disease patients
86
What is the Tolerable upper intake for vitamin B6
100 mg/day
87
Vitamin B6 toxicity can cause
Peripheral neuropathy
Degeneration of nerve fibers
Demyelination
88
What is the name for Vitamin B9
Folate
89
What form of Folate is in supplemental form
Folic acid
90
What enzyme removes the glutamic acid from folate allowing it to cross the brush boarder
Conjugase
91
What inhibits Conjugase (thus lowering folate absorption)
Legumes
Oranges
Cabbage
Chronic alcohol consumption
92
What form is folate transported from the SI to the liver as
THF
93
Why is folate important in embryogenesis
DNA synthesis/repair
| Formation of RBC and WBC
94
Which amino acids require Folate as a Coenzyme to be metabolized
Histidine to Glutamate
Homocystine to methionine
Glycine to serine
95
What B vitamin is required to regenerate THF when converting homocystine to methionine
B12
96
What is the RDA of Folate for adults
400 ug
97
What percent of Folate is lost during cooking
50-90%
98
How long does it take to develop Folate deficiency in a folate low diet
1 month
99
What is the name for folate deficiency
Megaloblastic Macrocytic anemia
100
Folate deficiency normally occurs with what other vitamin deficiency
B12
101
What is the Tolerable upper intake for folate
1 mg
102
What can high doses of Folate cause
Mask B12 deficiency
| Cause a Zinc deficiency
103
What is the name for vitamin B12
Cobalamin
104
What form of Vitamin B12 is made by micro organisms
Cyanocobalamin
105
What needs to be released by parietal cells of the stomach in order for B12 to be absorbed
Intrinsic factor
106
What can cause a decrease in B12 digestion and absorption
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
GERD meds
Pancreatic insufficiency
Malabsorptive syndromes
107
Where is the body is most of the B12 stored
The liver
108
What transports B12 in the blood
Transcobalamins
109
What is the RDA of Cobalamin
2.4 ug
110
What percent of Cobalamin is lost in cooking
33%
111
What does B12 deficiency cause
Megaloblastic anemia
| Demyelination of nerver
112
How is pernicious anemia treated
B12 injections
113
What is the difference between Pernicious anemia and Megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemia is an auto immune condition
114
What foods are high in B12
Meats
115
Why does it take years for vegans to develop vitamin B12 deficiency
5-10 years due to storage in liver
