Water Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

What type of thiamin deficiency is associated with tender calf muscles?

Answer 1

Wet adult Beriberi

Question 2

What are the sources of thiamin?

Answer 2

Pork and whole grain

Question 3

What are the forms of thiamin?

Answer 3

TDP and TTP

Question 4

What coenzyme related to thiamin is important for the reaction of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Answer 4

TDP

Question 5

TTP is important in what body system?

Answer 5

Nervous system

Question 6

What is TTP specifically important for in the nervous system?

Answer 6

Sodium-Chloride transport

Question 7

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is limited to what group of people?

Answer 7

Alcoholics

Question 8

What form of Beriberi is associated with an enlarged heart in adults?

Answer 8

Wet

Question 9

What form of Beriberi is associated with geriatrics?

Answer 9

Dry

Question 10

Acute Beriberi is associated with what population?

Answer 10

Babies

Question 11

What is vitamin B1?

Answer 11

Thiamin

Question 12

What is the vitamin associated with ascorbic acid/ascorbate?

Answer 12

Vitamin C

Question 13

What are the functions of vitamin C?

Answer 13

Antioxidant, nonheme iron absorption, collagen

Question 14

What step of collagen formation is vitamin C important for?

Answer 14

Hydroxylation

Question 15

What are the sources of vitamin C?

Answer 15

Ascorbic acids (citrus) and peppers

Question 16

What condition is a deficiency of vitamin C?

Answer 16

Scurvy

Question 17

What are the four “H’s” of scurvy?

Answer 17

1 Hemorrhagic
2 Hematologic
3 Hyperkeratosis
4 Hyperchondriasis

Question 18

What is a symptom of vitamin C toxicity?

Answer 18

Diarrhea

Question 19

What is B2?

Answer 19

Riboflavin

Question 20

What are the forms of riboflavin?

Answer 20

Coenzymes FAD and FMN

Question 21

What are the sources of riboflavin?

Answer 21

Dairy products, dark green leafy vegetables, and whole grains

Question 22

FAD and FMN are important or the synthesis of what B vitamins?

Answer 22

Niacin and B6

Question 23

Riboflavin (FAD and FMN) is important in what biochemical cycles?

Answer 23

Electron transport chain, Krebs Cycle, Beta-oxidation

Question 24

FAD and FMN are important for what group of enzymes?

Answer 24

Dehydrogenases

Question 25

What mouth condition is specific to ariboflavinosis?

Answer 25

Magenta tongue

Question 26

What mouth conditions are seen with ariboflavinosis?

Answer 26

1 Cheilosis 2 Angular stomatitis 3 Glossitis 4 Magenta Tongue

Question 27

Besides mouth conditions, what other symptom can be seen with ariboflavinosis?

Answer 27

Dermatitis

Question 28

What is B5?

Answer 28

Pantothenic acid

Question 29

What are the forms of vitamin B5?

Answer 29

CoA and Acyl carrier protein (ACP)

Question 30

The CoA function of pantothenic acid is important in what biochemistry cycles?

Answer 30

Krebs Cycle and Beta-oxidation

Question 31

What is the condition of pantothenic acid deficiency?

Answer 31

Burning feet syndrome

Question 32

What are sources of pantothenic acid?

Answer 32

Whole grains, legumes, and meat

Question 33

What is the Acyl carrier protein function of pantothenic acid important for?

Answer 33

Lipid synthesis

Question 34

What is B7?

Answer 34

Biotin

Question 35

Biotin deficiency is most likely seen in what population?

Answer 35

Pregnant women

Question 36

What are symptoms of biotin deficiency?

Answer 36

Dermatitis, glossitis, increased cholesterol

Question 37

What are the sources for biotin?

Answer 37

Large intestinal bacteria, dairy, and nuts

Question 38

Biotin is bound to what structure?

Answer 38

Carboxylases

Question 39

An important chelator for biotin is found in what food source?

Answer 39

Raw eggs

Question 40

What is vitamin B3?

Answer 40

Niacin

Question 41

Niacin is made from what substance?

Answer 41

Tryptophan

Question 42

What are the forms of niacin?

Answer 42

NAD and NADPH for dehydrogenase reactions

Question 43

Niacin is important in dehydrogenase reactions in which biochemical cycles?

Answer 43

Glycolysis, Krebs, and Beta-oxidation

Question 44

NADPH is important for the synthesis of what substances?

Answer 44

Fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol

Question 45

What are sources of niacin?

Answer 45

Meat

Question 46

What is the condition of niacin deficiency?

Answer 46

Pellagra

Question 47

What are the symptoms of pellagra?

Answer 47

Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia (sometimes death)

Question 48

What are the issues with niacin deficiency?

Answer 48

Liver damage (leading to gout) and flushing

Question 49

What is B6?

Answer 49

Pyridoxine

Question 50

What are sources of B6?

Answer 50

Meat and whole grains

Question 51

Vitamin B6 is important for the synthesis of what substances?

Answer 51

Neurotransmitters, myelin sheath, heme

Question 52

What is the form of vitamin B6?

Answer 52

PLP

Question 53

What is PLP (B6) important for?

Answer 53

Amino acid metabolism

Question 54

Vitamin B6 is important for the synthesis of what other B vitamin?

Answer 54

Niacin (B3)

Question 55

Both deficiency and toxicity of which vitamin leads to peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 55

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Question 56

What are the symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency?

Answer 56

Fatigue and peripheral neuropathy

Question 57

What is vitamin B12?

Answer 57

Cobalamin

Question 58

What are the sources of cobalamin?

Answer 58

Meat, fish, and dairy

Question 59

What are the two main conditions of thiamin deficiency?

Answer 59

Wernicke-Korsakoff and Beriberi

Question 60

What enzymes are responsible for the digestion of vitamin B12?

Answer 60

Proteases

Question 61

What is the function of adenosylcobalamin?

Answer 61

Amino acid metabolism

Question 62

What is the function of methylcobalamin?

Answer 62

Myelination and decreased homocysteine

Question 63

What conditions arise from vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 63

Megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia

Question 64

What binds to cobalamin in the stomach?

Answer 64

R protein

Question 65

Where does R protein (which binds to cobalamin in the stomach) come from?

Answer 65

Saliva

Question 66

What binds to cobalamin in the small intestine?

Answer 66

Intrinsic factor

Question 67

By what process is cobalamin absorbed?

Answer 67

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 68

Vitamin B12 is transported via what structures?

Answer 68

Transcobalamins

Question 69

Where is cobalamin stored?

Answer 69

Liver

Question 70

Receptor mediated endocytosis and therefore cobalamin absorption is decreased in what kinds of patients?

Answer 70

Those with pancreatic insufficiency and/or malabsorption issues

Question 71

Where is intrinsic factor released from?

Answer 71

Parietal cells of the stomach

Question 72

Cobalamin absorption can become impaired from what kinds of conditions that specifically inhibit intrinsic factor release?

Answer 72

Zollinger-Ellison and reflux disease

Question 73

What is vitamin B9?

Answer 73

Folate

Question 74

What is the synthetic form of folate?

Answer 74

Folic acid

Question 75

What are the sources for folate (B9)?

Answer 75

Dark green leafy vegetables and legumes

Question 76

What are the sources for folic acid?

Answer 76

Supplements and fortified cereals

Question 77

What can result from folate deficiency?

Answer 77

Neural tube defects, megaloblastic anemia

Question 78

Folic acid decreases the absorption of what mineral?

Answer 78

Zinc

Question 79

What mineral is required for the absorption of folate?

Answer 79

Zinc

Question 80

What is the form and function of folate?

Answer 80

THF (methylation)

Question 81

What is THF important for (folate)?

Answer 81

Synthesis of DNA/RNA, red blood cells, and white blood cells