Water Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin C Functions

Answer 1

• Synthesis of collagen
• Synthesis of neurotransmitters, hormones, bile acids
• Antioxidant

Question 2

Thiamin (B1) Functions

Answer 2

-Part of coenzyme TPP, needed to convert pyruvate to acetyl CoA

Question 3

Riboflavin (B2) Functions

Answer 3

• Forms coenzymes involved in citric acid cycle (FAD), beta oxidation (FMN), extracting energy from dietary fuels
• Converts other vitamins into active forms

Question 4

Niacin (B3) Functions

Answer 4

• Part of coenzyme NAD, vital for electron transport in glucose metabolism and synthesis of FAs and cholesterol
• May lower LDL raise HDL in high does

Question 5

Pantothenic Acid (B5) Functions

Answer 5

• Part of coenzyme A involved in extraction of energy from from dietary fuels
• Needed everywhere, including synthesis of neurotransmitters, steroid hormones and Hb

Question 6

B6 Functions

Answer 6

• Part of coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
• Transamination/Deamination
• Synthesis of Hb, WBC, myelin
• Conversion of tryptophan to niacin
• Glycogenolysis

Question 7

Biotin (B7) Functions

Answer 7

-Part of coenzyme that replenishes oxaloacetate

Question 8

Folate (B9) Functions

Answer 8

• Important of embryonic development

- Synthesis of DNA, amino acid metabolism

Question 9

Cobolamine (B12) Functions

Answer 9

• Production of ATP from some FAs
• Keep homocysteine levels low
• Maintain myelin Sheath
• Activation of folate

Question 10

Choline

Answer 10

• Synthesis of Acetylcholine (neurotransmitter)

- Synthesis of cell membranes

Question 11

Vitamin C Deficiency

Answer 11

• Smokers at risk.

- Scurvy symptoms; bleeding gums, tooth loss, joint pain, bleeding skin, fatigue

Question 12

Thiamin (B1) Deficiency

Answer 12

Alcoholics at risk.

Beriberi symptoms: weakness, fatigue, enlarged heart, poor short term memory, muscle paralysis

Question 13

Riboflavin (B2) Deficiency

Answer 13

Alcoholics at risk. Poor wound healing, cracking lips, increased light sensitivity, burning, tearing, itchy eyes

Question 14

Niacin (B3) Deficiency

Answer 14

Pellagra: fatigue, decreased appetite, indigestion.

-4 D’s: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

Question 15

Pantothenic Acid (B5) Deficiency

Answer 15

Rare

Question 16

B6 Deficiency

Answer 16

Poor growth, skin lesions, decreased immune function, anemia, neurological symptoms

Question 17

Biotin (B7) Deficiency

Answer 17

Uncommon

-Nausea, thinning hair, lethargy, hallucinations

Question 18

Folate (B9) Deficiency

Answer 18

Pregnant women, alcoholics at risk

-Neural tube defects, poor growth, nerve dysfunction, diarrhea, tongue inflammation, megaloblastic anemia

Question 19

B12 Deficiency

Answer 19

Vegas, older adults with atrophic gastritis or lacking intrinsic factor are at risk
-Megaloblastic anemia

Question 20

Choline Deficiency

Answer 20

Rare, Liver dysfunction

Question 21

Vitamin C Toxicity

Answer 21

Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps

Question 22

Thiamin (B1) Toxicity

Answer 22

No Known toxicity

Question 23

Riboflavin (B2) Toxicity

Answer 23

No Known Toxicity

Question 24

Niacin (B3) Toxicity

Answer 24

Skin flush, red rash, headaches, blurred vision, nausea

Question 25

Pantothenic Acid (B5) Toxicity

Answer 25

Non-toxic, no UL

Question 26

B6 Toxicity

Answer 26

Nerve Damage

Question 27

Biotin (B7) Toxicity

Answer 27

No known toxicity

Question 28

Folate (B9) Toxicity

Answer 28

can hide a B12 deficiency

Question 29

B12 Toxicity

Answer 29

no known toxicity

Question 30

Choline Toxicity

Answer 30

fishy body odour, sweating, reduced growth rate, low blood pressure, liver damage

Question 31

Sources of Vitamin c

Answer 31

citrus fruits, broccoli, strawberries, greens, peppers

Question 32

Sources of Thiamin

Answer 32

pork, whole grains, seeds, nuts, legumes

Question 33

Sources of Riboflavin

Answer 33

Dairy, whole grains, leafy greens, meats

Question 34

Sources of Niacin

Answer 34

beef, chicken, peanuts, legumes, whole grains | - can be made from amino acid, tryptophan

Question 35

Sources of Biotin

Answer 35

- liver, cooked eggs, yogurt, nuts | - synthesized by bacteria in SI

Question 36

Sources of Pantothenic Acid

Answer 36

Meat, legumes, whole grains, widespread in foods

Question 37

Source of Vitamin B6

Answer 37

Meat, fish, poultry, legumes, whole grains, nuts and seeds

Question 38

Source of Folates

Answer 38

leafy greens, legumes, seeds, enriched grains, orange juice

Question 39

Sources of Vitamin B12

Answer 39

animal products

Question 40

Sources of choline

Answer 40

eggs, broccoli, nuts, wheat germ