water scarcity Flashcards
what is water scarcity
insecurity
stress
when the annual supply of water is below 1000m3 pp
the quality and quantity of water
below 1700cm3
how much of the earth water is fresh
Bluewater is 3%
70% of water is locked up in ice and glaciers
Fashion industry in water
- the Aral sea is dried up also used river diversion to
- Fashion industry is 2nd polluter
- The 8th largest producer of cotton which causes loss of water
- 20,000l used to produce jeans
- water management such as dam used to feed water back into the Aral sea
- Seas are being contaminated by toxic waste from factories (tar sands)which can cause cancer
Indonesia- 400 factories around the Citrum river which highly polluted and locals are getting skin problems from it as well as toxins heavy metals of arsenic, lead, mercury
human causes of water insecurity
Quantity of water is used up through our quality of life such as the richer people get the more necessities they need e.g. dishwasher 2 washing machines
Denmark in 2010 80% were middle class
overabstraction - quantity as too much water is being removed from ground stores as 20% of the world aquifers are being exploited. groundwater levels are declining in intensive farming areas e.g. north china > lead to saltwater encroachment affecting the quality
population growth, industrial water polluters e.g fashion
physical causes
droughts el nino
itcz annual shift
warmer waters affect quality as it encourages bacterial growth reducing bluewater and human safety is at risk as it can causes many health problems (rising sea surface temperatures in North Atlantic likely to. be behind the surge in cases of diarrhoeal in northern europe
the consequence of water insecurity
privatisation of water e.g. the
in some places such as Kenya a bottle of coca cola is cheaper than a bottle of water
water supply is vital for economic development e.g. agriculture, needed for activities in industry, energy supply also for the well being of humans sanitation
may create conflict e.g. transboundary and international
e.g Euphrates river predominately controlled by turkey limits supply Syria
water supply management china
North was suffering water scarcity as it contains 1/3 of the population so they transferred water from the south to north linking 4 major rivers e.g. Huai
+produced 25 million m2 of fresh water
environmental protection was included in the plan, improvement in irrigation maintaining growth of crops which is the only and largest income for some families, pollution treatments
-expensive to do so cannot be replicated easily for other countries as well as being high maintenance (reached 80 billion in 2015), around 300,000 relocated from their homes
supply 2 desalination
viable option as for Medcs its very accessible and sustainable idea which helps maintain water supply for future
+conserves supplies for future
coast effective of reversed osmosis as it’s easy to implement on a large scale
doesn’t take from the 1% of the worlds bluewater
aim to provide 12% of Israel’s domestic water supply by 2020
-expensive to do for those in Ledc so it’s not accessible for everyone, ecological impact on marine life as it can add co2 emission
holistic management
Singapore government policies where leakages have been cut by 5% as well as per capita of water consumption fell from 165l per day to 150l per day in 2015 through metering water supplies and effectively educating the public
iwrm advocated in the 1990s takes a holistic approach in order to protect the environment it’s more sustainable as it takes everything into consideration and suit what would be best for everyone looking at long-lasting effects however it can be a along process to come to an agreement as everyone whats to do what’s best for themselves
