Water Scale Flashcards
Are Prokaryotes unicellular or multicellular?
Unicellular
Prokaryotes are a relatively simple life form. True or False?
True
What organism has a short life cycle, and is highly adaptable to the environment.
Prokaryotes
What organism has large cells and specializes in membrane-enclose organelles?
Eukaryotes
Are Eukaryotes multicellular or unicellular?
Multicellular
What organism has a long life cycle and specializes in stable environments?
Eukaryotes
What are some common molecules that prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
monomers (lipids, nucleotides, and amino acids)
Macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, lipoproteins), Functions (catalysis, structure, signalling, fuel, structure, protein/lipid)
How many small molecules are required for simple life?
33 small molecules
How many amino acids make up various proteins?
20 amino acids
What three things are polymers?
proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides
What two molecules are important when examining life?
Carbon and Silicon
Why is carbon so great?
- can form 4 highly stable bonds and high functionality
How many elements are essential for life?
30 elements
What four elements make up approximately 99% of the mass of most of our cells?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen
Hydrogen bonds are _________ interactions and are neither ionic nor covalent bonds which makes them relatively _________.
electrostatic; weak
What are one of the most important bonds for biological systems?
Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonds allows ____________ to happen in cells.
water to dissolve polar uncharged molecules
Hydrogen bonds can ________________ between molecules
mediate interactions
Water forms a ________ shell around ions through _________ interactions
solvation; electrostatic
________ Solubility of hydrophobic groups in water is driven by _______.
Low; entropy
Lipids dispersed in water equals a _____.
Low entropy due to highly ordered water
Clusters of lipid molecules in water equals a ________.
Higher entropy due to fewer ordered water molecules
What is Micelles?
it is an interaction ordered by the shell of water and is minimized. It also increases entropy.
Non covalent bonds are important for biological structures and functions such as….
Ionic interactions, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and Van Der Waals interactions
