Water Resources Flashcards
97 % of the earth’s water supply is in the _____
Ocean
Of the remaining 3 % , 2.3% is locked in _____, and the remaining .7% is _______
polar ice caps, freshwater
of the 0.7% of freshwater- 0.66% is _____ and 0.03% is ______
groundwater, surface water
Surface water is a result of : (2)
- Precipitation
2. Seepage from underground
water that gets collected under the surface of land is known as ____
Groundwater
An underground water stream that is saturated with water and transmits water readily is known as
aquifer
India has vast coastline with ____ coasts
Indented
Due to increase in _____. _____ and _______, demand for water has risen
Population, irrigation and industrialisation
_____ uses more than 90% of total freshwater
Irrigation
Major reasons why we need to conserve water
- Irrigation uses more than 90% of freshwater
- loss of vegetation - lowering water table
- overuse of groundwater - lowering water table
- Increase in population - water scarcity
- water resources - polluted
Collecting and storing rainwater
Rainwater harvesting
Central Govt. has started a watershed development for rural people called as :
Haryali
Management and conservation of both surface and groundwater resources
Watershed management
Storing mechanism is called _____- / ______ in Western Himalayas
Khatri/ Kuhl
Storing mechanism is called _____- / ______ in Gangetic plains
Baolis / Dighi
Storing mechanism is called _____ in Central India
Johads
Storing mechanism is called _____ /_____ in the Deccan Plateau
Bhandaras/ Kere
Storing mechanism is called _____ in Western Ghats
Surangam
Storing mechanism is called _____ in Eastern Ghats
Korambu
Storing mechanism is called _____ in Ladakh
Zing
Why even Cherrapunji which receives the highest rainfall in the world faces water shortage?
bcoz in India, rain occurs for short period at very high intensity so all the water is washed away instead of recharging water table
The four elements of water harvesting
- Catchments
- Conduits
- Storage facility
- Recharge Facility
the surface which receives the rain directly
Catchments
pipe that carries rainwater from catchment to harvesting system
Conduits
Rainwater can be used in two ways:
- Stored for ready use in containers
2. Recharge the groundwater
____ is a water harvesting mechanism in which water falling on the roof is diverted via conduits to storage container
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting
To prevent debris from entering system, ____ is provided at the mouth of conduit.
Mesh filter
If the stored water is to be used for drinking. ____ is provided
Sand filter
watering agricultural plants through artificial means is called ___
Irrigation
Avg annual rainfall in India Vs world
India - 1170mm
World- 800mm
Percolation pits are also called as
Soakaway
Reason why we need irrigation in India
- Uncertainty and Uneven distribution of rainfall
- Crop requirements
- Nature of the soil
- To utilise river water effectively
- Maximise production
Three cropping seasons of India
Kharif, Rabi, Zayed
Due to increasing population, farmers are forced to ___________________________ which requires irrigation
Grow two or three crops in a year
if we use high amount of fertilisers , high_____ is needed for the plant which can be provided only by ____
moisture, irrigation
