Water Properties Flashcards

1
Q

What are the kind of bonds that form in the water molecule?

A

Hydrogen bonds between molecules, covalent within

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2
Q

What allows hydrogen bonds to form?

A

polarity

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3
Q

cohesive meaning:

A

something that sticks together

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4
Q

adhesion meaning:

A

sticking to other objects

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5
Q

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

A

heat: amount of molecules vibrating
temperature: the level of heat

bathtub example

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6
Q

what is heat capacity?

A

a measure of heat required to raise temp of something
water has a high heat capacity

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7
Q

what is 1 thermal calorie do?

A

raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree C

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8
Q

Why is water so good at storing heat (high thermal inertia)?

A

high heat capacity means that it can absorb a lot of energy before the temperature changes

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9
Q

Why is water density special?

A

When water freezes it gets less dense than a liquid (opposite of everything else)
it expands when it freezes

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10
Q

What is the difference between latent and sensible heat?

A

Latent heat is related to changes in phase between liquids, gases, and solids.
Sensible heat is related to changes in temperature of a gas or object with no change in phase

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11
Q

How much of the oceans (on average) is salt?

A

3.5%

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12
Q

What does the presence of salt do to the latent energy?

A

It takes less energy to do things (melting, etc) which is why it is added to roads and stuff

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13
Q

What happens to salt when sea water freezes?

A

it is excluded and doesn’t freeze, remaining unfrozen water becomes more salty/more dense

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14
Q

How does the Gulf Stream impact weather?

A

transports warm water from the equator to the north atlantic

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15
Q

How does water vapor movement impact weather?

A

equator gets direct solar radiation consistently
poles get diffuse solar radiation for ½ year
the redistribution of heat energy helps moderate these extremes

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16
Q

What is solar irradiance when it comes to the oceans?

A

surface ocean temperatures are higher at the equator, and
get lower towards the poles
more evaporation and precipitation at the equator

17
Q

What are the 3 density zones in the ocean?

A

surface
pycnocline
deep

18
Q

Describe the surface zone of the ocean

A

top layer, light reaches, least dense water, temp and salinity constant with depth

19
Q

Describe the pycnocline zone of the ocean

A

density increases with depth due to temp decrease, thermocline (temperature layered)

20
Q

describe the deep zone of the ocean

A

dense throughout, cold and stable

21
Q

salty, dense water masses will descend until they encounter…?

A

a layer of equal density

21
Q

what is refraction?

A

the “bending” of waves
water refracts light

22
Q

what is the refractive index?

A

the degree to which a substance refracts a wave

23
Q

what is absorption?

A

water molecules vibrate and absorb electromagnetic radiation
energy converted to heat

24
Q

blue light penetrates _____ than red light

A

further
its why the ocean looks blue

25
Q

How does sound travel in water?

A

It is much more efficient and travels faster (5x)