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Biochemistry LEC > Water, pH, and Buffer Substances > Flashcards

Water, pH, and Buffer Substances Flashcards

1
Q

the most important and abundant inorganic compound in all living systems

A

Water

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2
Q

the percentage of water in human body

A

70%

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3
Q

The three major components of body fluids

A

Blood, urine, and saliva

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4
Q

the structure of electron surrounding water is?
It has the form of tetrahedron that resembles a pyramid

A

Tetrahedral

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5
Q

What is the molecular formula of Water

A

CH2O

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6
Q

True or False? Polar covalent compounds can dissolve with non polar covalent compounds

A

False

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7
Q

True of False? The negative charge atom cannot bond with positive charged ions while positive charged ions can bond with negatively charged ions

A

False

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8
Q

It is essential in digestion and it occurs in the mouth

A

Saliva

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9
Q

The normal body temperature

A

36.5

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10
Q

The fever body temperature

A

38 above

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11
Q

A function of water where it eliminates unecessary products in our body

A

Excretion

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12
Q

The addition of proton to a chemical compounds

A

Protonation

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13
Q

removal of proton from chemical compounds

A

Deprotonation

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14
Q

What is the universal solvent ?

A

Water

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15
Q

a solvent interface of any chemical compounds or biomolecule that constitutes the solute. The positive side of water surrounds the negative charged molecules and the negative side of water surrounds the positive charged molecules

A

Solvation Shells/Solvation Sheath

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16
Q

a general process which molecules separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals usually in a reversible manner.

A

Dissociation

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17
Q

it dissolves the solute

A

Solvent

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18
Q

it is what the solvent is dissolving

A

Solute

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19
Q

mixture in which one or two more substances are distributed evenly in another substance

A

Solution

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20
Q

the state of a substance when its particles are mixed with but undissolved in a fluid or solid

A

Suspension

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21
Q

also known as the water loving and is polar molecules

A

Hydrophilic

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22
Q

also known as water fearing and is non polar molecules

A

Hydrophobic

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23
Q

What are the two alcoholic chemicals that dissolve in water?

A

Methanol and Pentanol

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24
Q

True or False? As we increase the number of carbon atoms, it will increase its solubility in carbon atoms

A

True

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25
Q

True or False? alcohol serves as the medium for most chemical reactions in the body and participates as a reactant or product in certain reactions.

A

False, Water

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26
Q

What are the two types of chemical reactions in water?

A

Hydrolysis Reaction
Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

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27
Q

removal of water in metabolic processes. water molecules is one the products formed

A

Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

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28
Q

to loosen or break apart. it is the dissociating the nutrients particularly in food so it enables the dietary nutrients to be absorbed by the body

A

Hydrolysis Reaction

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29
Q

Water can release and absorb a relatively large amount of heat with only a modest change in its own temperature

A

Water has high heat capacity

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30
Q

This is essential in water because it keeps moisture in the cells and other parts of our body.

A

Lubrication

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31
Q

The fluid that keeps our chest lubricated

A

Pleural fluid

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32
Q

The fluid that keeps our abdomen lubricated

A

Peritoneal fluid

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33
Q

refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell.

A

Octet rule

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34
Q

minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge.

A

Electrolytes

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35
Q

negatively charged ions in which an electron is gained

A

Anion

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36
Q

positively charged ions in which an electron is lost

A

Cation

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37
Q

The three types of Electrolytes

A

Acid
Base
Salt

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38
Q

These are the substances with higher concentration of hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions

A

Acids

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39
Q

These are the substances with higher concentration of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions

A

Base

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40
Q

general class of ionic substances formed by the reaction of an acid and a base. It is amphoteric

A

Salt

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41
Q

They can react with both acid and base

A

Amphoteric

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42
Q

donates proton with a pH below 7

A

Acid

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43
Q

accepts proton with a pH above 7

A

Base

44
Q

The midpoint of pH scale where concentrations of H and OH are equal

A

7

45
Q

True or False? The more hydroxide ion is dissolved, the more acidic the solution is

A

Fale, hydrogen ions

46
Q

True or False? The more hydrogen ions is dissolved, the more basic (alkalosis) the solution is

A

False, hydroxide ions

47
Q

it measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance which extends from 0 to 14.

A

pH scale

48
Q

the pH scale of blood

A

7.35-7.45

49
Q

these are the substances that moderates/control changes in pH

A

Buffer System

50
Q

True or False? Saliva is a basic solution

A

False

51
Q

it maintains homeostasis in body by absorbing excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions

A

Buffer System

52
Q

True or False? Semen is acidic

A

False, semen is alkaline

53
Q

What helps maintain the pH of blood?

A

Bicarbonate system

54
Q

True or False? pH remains constant

A

True

55
Q

Its function is to convert strong acid or bases into weak acid or bases

A

Buffer Systems

56
Q

It ionizes easily and it contributes many hydrogen (H) therefore they can change pH drastically and it can disrupt body metabolism

A

Strong acid

57
Q

It doesn’t ionize as much and it contributes fewer hydrogen (H). Hence they have less effects on pH

A

Weak acid

58
Q

What are the three factors affecting pH?

A

Diet
Strenuous Exercise
Diseases

59
Q

True or False? If we have a vegetarian diet our urine is acidic

A

False, it’s makes urine basic

60
Q

Muscle produces this. If there is too much of this acid, cramps will occur

A

Lactic Acid

61
Q

A disorder where the pancreas do not produce much insulin causing blood sugar level to be abnormally high

A

Diabetes Mellitus

61
Q

A disorder where the body produces abnormally high amounts of urine and isn’t able to properly retain water

A

Diabetes Insipidus

62
Q

What are the three blood buffers?

A

Bicarbonate-carbonic acid
Hemoglobin
Serum Protein

63
Q

what is the chemical formula of protein?

A

CHON

64
Q

When your body fluids contain too much acid which results in having a shift of pH

A

Acidosis

65
Q

it gives the red color in our blood that contains iron

A

Hemoglobin

66
Q

A type of acidosis where HCO3- is decreased and CO2 is normal

A

Metabolic Acidosis

67
Q

A type of acidosis where HCO3- is increased and CO2 is normal

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

68
Q

A type of acidosis where CO2 is increased and HCO3- is normal

A

Respiratory Acidosis

69
Q

A type of acidosis where CO2 is decreased and HCO3- is normal

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

70
Q

Stimulates desire to drink fluids.

A

Thirst center in the hypothalamus

71
Q

Stimulates secretion of aldosterone.

A

Angiotensin II

72
Q

By promoting urinary reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-, increases water reabsorption via osmosis.

A

Aldosterone

73
Q

Promotes natriuresis, elevated urinary excretion of Na+
(and Cl-), accompanied by water.

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

74
Q

Promotes insertion of water-channel proteins (aquaporin-2) into apical membranes of principal cells in collecting ducts of kidneys. As a result, water permeability of
these cells increases and more
water is reabsorbed.

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or vasopressin

75
Q

it is also called as cytosol, the fluid within the cell

A

Intercellular Fluid (ICF)

76
Q

it is also called as plasma, the liquid portion of the blood

A

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

77
Q

it separates ICF from ECF

A

Plasma Membrane

78
Q

it is inside the ECF that divides the interstitial fluid (ISF) from blood plasma

A

Capillary Membrane/Blood Vessel Walls

79
Q

primary means of water movement between ICF and ISF

A

Osmosis

80
Q

the most abundant cation in ECF

A

Na

81
Q

the most abundant anion in ECF

A

Cl

82
Q

the most abundant cation in ICF

A

K

83
Q

the most abundant anion in ICF

A

Protein and Phosphate (HPO4)

84
Q

the normal blood plasma concentration for HCO3 (bicarbonate acid) in systemic arterial

A

22-26 mEq/L

85
Q

the normal blood plasma concentration for PaCO2

A

35-45 mEq/L

86
Q

the normal respiratory rate

A

12-16 per min

87
Q

the normal blood plasma concentration for HCO3 (bicarbonate acid) in a venous blood

A

23-27 mEq/L

88
Q

What is inside the plasma blood that doesn’t go through the capillary membrane because they are too large to go through?

A

Protein

89
Q

it helps maintain the osmotic gradient and helps to keep the water remain in the blood vessels

A

Albumin

90
Q

it moves easily between ICF and ESF because most plasma membranes contain many CL leakage channels and antiporters

A

Chloride

91
Q

it helps regulate Cl balance in the body fluid because it governs event of water loss in urine

A

ADH

92
Q

plays a role in establishing resting membrane potential and repolarization phase of action potentials in neurons and muscle fibers

A

Potassium

93
Q

it maintains the ICF volume

A

Potassium

94
Q

most prevalent ECF anion

A

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

95
Q

it is stored in bones therefore it is the most abundant mineral in the body

A

Calcium

96
Q

plays an important role in blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, maintenance of muscle tone, and excitability of nervous and muscle tissue

A

Calcium (Ca2+)

97
Q

they regulate the levels of Phosphate in blood plasma

A

PTH and Calcitriol

98
Q

it increases urinary excretion of phosphates and lowers blood phosphate levels

A

PTH

99
Q

promotes reabsorption of both phosphates and calcium from the G.I tract

A

Calcitriol

100
Q

the most common ICF cation

A

Magnesium

101
Q

it is essential for normal neuromascular activity, synaptic transmission, and myocardial functioning

A

Magnesium

102
Q

2/3 of total body water

A

ICF

103
Q

1/3 of total body water

A

ECF

104
Q

fluid inside the RBC

A

ICF

105
Q

fluid inside the plasma

A

ECF

Biochemistry LEC (2 decks)

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