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Biochemistry LEC > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

the process by which food is broken down into components simple enough to be absorbed in the intestines.

A

Digestion

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2
Q

it is the uptake of products of digestion by intestinal cells and their delivery to blood or lymph

A

Absorption

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3
Q

the three regulators of digestion and absorption of nutrients in the body

A

nervous system, hormones, and paracrine factors

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4
Q

its function is to break down food into components that can be absorbed and utilized by the body and then excrete the non absorbable material

A

Gastrointestinal Tract

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5
Q

the first enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of starch

A

Salivary Amylase

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6
Q

the first enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of fats

A

Salivary Lipase

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7
Q

where does digestion begin?

A

Mouth

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8
Q

Two types of digestion

A

Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion

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9
Q

this is the physical process of digestion that does not change the chemical nature of the food

A

Mechanical Digestion

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10
Q

digestive secretions break down complex food molecules into their chemical building blocks

A

Chemical Digestion

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11
Q

this is the result of the mechanical churning of food in the stomach. Its main function is to increase the surface area of food to allow digestive enzymes to complete their work,

A

Chyme or acidic soup

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12
Q

it begins with the process of mechanical digestion which breaks down large food particles into smaller ones.

A

Mastication or Chewing

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13
Q

transports bolus of food or liquid from mouth to stomach. it is also the act of swallowing

A

Deglutination

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14
Q

occurs mainly in our small intestine consist of localized contractions of circular muscle of the muscularis layer of alimentary canal

A

Segmentation

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15
Q

True or False? the process of digestion is completed in the stomach

A

False, it is completed in small intestine

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16
Q

True or False? the food broken down has no value unless it is absorbed by small intestine and further distribute it to the bloodstream

A

True

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17
Q

where are most nutrients absorbed?

A

Intestinal Lumen

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18
Q

it is involuntary that involves the alternating waves of contraction and relaxation of longitudinal muscles in the organ wall.

A

Peristalsis

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19
Q

what organ is mainly responsible for absorption?

A

Small intestine

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20
Q

True or false? The enzymes activity is influenced by pH, temperature, and substance concentration of a solution

A

True at its finest

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21
Q

What are the enzymes that helps in the digestion of carbohydrates?

A

Salivary Amylase
Pancreatic Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
Sucrase

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22
Q

What are the enzymes that helps in the digestion of protein?

A

Pepsin
Trypsin
Peptidase

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23
Q

What are the enzymes that helps in the digestion of fats?

A

Lipase

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24
Q

What are the building blocks of carbs?

A

Monosaccharide

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25
Q

What are the building blocks of protein?

A

Amino acid

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26
Q

What are the building blocks of fats?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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27
Q

What are the gastric enzymes?

A

Pepsin
Renin

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28
Q

What are the pancreatic enzymes?

A

Pancreatic Amylase
Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase
Lipase
Nuclease

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29
Q

it is an enzyme of the carbohydrates produces in salivary glands released form mouth and it has a neutral pH level

A

Salivary Amylase

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30
Q

What activates salivary amylase?

A

Chloride Ions

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31
Q

it breaks starch down to small oligosaccharides and maltose.

A

Pancreatic Amylase

32
Q

it is an enzyme for the digestion of carbohydrates that is produced and secreted by the small intestine then converts maltose into glucose.

A

Maltase

33
Q

breaks down lactose (or “milk sugar”) into glucose and galactose.

A

Lactase

34
Q

breaks down sucrose (or “table sugar”) into glucose and fructose

A

Sucrase

35
Q

breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It is produced in the gastric chief cells of the stomach lining and is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive system

A

Pepsin

36
Q

it is produced in pancreas secreted from small intestine. It breaks down proteins, continuing the process of digestion that began in the stomach. It may also be referred to as a proteolytic enzyme, or proteinase.

A

Trypsin

37
Q

they are responsible for the cleavage of peptide bonds between amino acids via hydrolysis reactions,

A

Peptidase

38
Q

an enzyme the body uses to break down fats in food so they can be absorbed in the intestines.

A

Lipase

39
Q

3 Phases of Digestion

A

Salivary Digestion
Gastric Digestion
Intestinal Digestion

40
Q

What is secreted continuously to keep mouth moist and helps in the breaking down of food

A

Saliva

41
Q

Where does peristalsis occur when swallowing

A

Esophagus

42
Q

The opening sphincter of the stomach

A

Cardioesophageal Sphincter

43
Q

a hormone that prods gastric glands to produce more of protein digesting enzyme, mucus, and HCl

A

Gastrin

44
Q

where does most vigorous peristalsis and mixing action occur?

A

Pylorus

45
Q

True or False? when the chyme reaches the small intestine, carbs, protein, fat, and nucleic acid digestion has already occured

A

False, carbs and protein digestion has already begun except for fat and nucleic acid because their digestion will start at small intestine

46
Q

how long does the digestion takes place in small intestine

A

3 to 6 hours

47
Q

an enzyme that has an extremely acidic environment. It acts on proteins and converts them into peptones

A

Pepsin

48
Q

produced by the stomach works primarily on milk protein and converts them into a substance that looks like sour milk

A

Renin

49
Q

True or False? Renin is produced in large amount in adults

A

False, it is produced in large amounts in infants and absent in adult

50
Q

enzymes helps in digesting DNA and RNA present in our dietary substances.

A

Nucleases

51
Q

It neutralizes hydrochloric acid coming from the stomach, releases gastrointestinal hormones into the bloodstream, and contains digestive enzymes that facilitate the digestion and absorption of food.

A

Intestinal Juice

52
Q

True or False? Intestinal Juice is abundant with enzyme

A

False, it is relatively poor in enzyme

53
Q

it contains a supply of bicarbonate ions which makes it a basic solution.

A

Pancreatic Juice

54
Q

True or False? Pancreatic Juice contains enzymes

A

THROAT

55
Q

The two hormones that influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile

A

Secretin and Cholecystokinin (CCK)

56
Q

causes the liver to increase bile output

A

Secretin

57
Q

causes gallbladder to contract and release stored bile

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

58
Q

it acts as a detergent to emulsify large fat globules into thousands of tiny one

A

Bile

59
Q

True or False? bile and pancreatic juice must work together to digest fat

A

OMSIM

60
Q

Wat are the bile pigment

A

Bilirubin and Biliverdin

61
Q

What are the three bile acids?

A

Cholic Acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid
Deoxycholic Acid

62
Q

The two gases that contributes to flatulence and odor of feces

A

Methane and Hydrogen Sulfide

63
Q

bacterial decomposition of carbohydrates under aerobic condition

A

Fermentation

64
Q

bacterial decomposition of protein under anaerobic condition

A

Putrefaction

65
Q

when excess of protein is consumed, it results to the removal of amine group from simple amino acids to form short chain organic acids

A

Deamination

66
Q

removal of carboxyl group forming amines and releasing of CO2

A

Decarboxylation

67
Q

What has the major role in detoxification?

A

Oxidation

68
Q

combination of toxic substance with compound occurring naturally in the body, mainly in the liver

A

Coagulation

69
Q

percentage of water that goes into small intestine

A

94%

70
Q

percentage of water that goes into large intestine

A

6%

71
Q

percentage of fluid that feces contains

A

75%

72
Q

percentage of solid material that feces contains

A

25%

73
Q

True or False? The breakdown of bile by intestinal bacteria results in the brown colored feces

A

OMSkrrt

74
Q

True or False? The chemicals in intestinal bacteria is responsible for the odor

A

Tumpak MAre

75
Q

small bulges or pockets that can develop in lining of intestine as you get older.

A

Diverticulosis

76
Q

What is formed when your diet lacks bulk in which your colon narrows and its circular muscles contract more powerfully increasing the pressure on its walls

A

Diverticula

77
Q

a condition which diverticula become inflamed and it can be life threatening..

A

Diverticulitis

Biochemistry LEC (2 decks)

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