Digestion Flashcards
the process by which food is broken down into components simple enough to be absorbed in the intestines.
Digestion
it is the uptake of products of digestion by intestinal cells and their delivery to blood or lymph
Absorption
the three regulators of digestion and absorption of nutrients in the body
nervous system, hormones, and paracrine factors
its function is to break down food into components that can be absorbed and utilized by the body and then excrete the non absorbable material
Gastrointestinal Tract
the first enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of starch
Salivary Amylase
the first enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of fats
Salivary Lipase
where does digestion begin?
Mouth
Two types of digestion
Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
this is the physical process of digestion that does not change the chemical nature of the food
Mechanical Digestion
digestive secretions break down complex food molecules into their chemical building blocks
Chemical Digestion
this is the result of the mechanical churning of food in the stomach. Its main function is to increase the surface area of food to allow digestive enzymes to complete their work,
Chyme or acidic soup
it begins with the process of mechanical digestion which breaks down large food particles into smaller ones.
Mastication or Chewing
transports bolus of food or liquid from mouth to stomach. it is also the act of swallowing
Deglutination
occurs mainly in our small intestine consist of localized contractions of circular muscle of the muscularis layer of alimentary canal
Segmentation
True or False? the process of digestion is completed in the stomach
False, it is completed in small intestine
True or False? the food broken down has no value unless it is absorbed by small intestine and further distribute it to the bloodstream
True
where are most nutrients absorbed?
Intestinal Lumen
it is involuntary that involves the alternating waves of contraction and relaxation of longitudinal muscles in the organ wall.
Peristalsis
what organ is mainly responsible for absorption?
Small intestine
True or false? The enzymes activity is influenced by pH, temperature, and substance concentration of a solution
True at its finest
What are the enzymes that helps in the digestion of carbohydrates?
Salivary Amylase
Pancreatic Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
Sucrase
What are the enzymes that helps in the digestion of protein?
Pepsin
Trypsin
Peptidase
What are the enzymes that helps in the digestion of fats?
Lipase
What are the building blocks of carbs?
Monosaccharide
What are the building blocks of protein?
Amino acid
What are the building blocks of fats?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are the gastric enzymes?
Pepsin
Renin
What are the pancreatic enzymes?
Pancreatic Amylase
Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase
Lipase
Nuclease
it is an enzyme of the carbohydrates produces in salivary glands released form mouth and it has a neutral pH level
Salivary Amylase
What activates salivary amylase?
Chloride Ions
it breaks starch down to small oligosaccharides and maltose.
Pancreatic Amylase
it is an enzyme for the digestion of carbohydrates that is produced and secreted by the small intestine then converts maltose into glucose.
Maltase
breaks down lactose (or “milk sugar”) into glucose and galactose.
Lactase
breaks down sucrose (or “table sugar”) into glucose and fructose
Sucrase
breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. It is produced in the gastric chief cells of the stomach lining and is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive system
Pepsin
it is produced in pancreas secreted from small intestine. It breaks down proteins, continuing the process of digestion that began in the stomach. It may also be referred to as a proteolytic enzyme, or proteinase.
Trypsin
they are responsible for the cleavage of peptide bonds between amino acids via hydrolysis reactions,
Peptidase
an enzyme the body uses to break down fats in food so they can be absorbed in the intestines.
Lipase
3 Phases of Digestion
Salivary Digestion
Gastric Digestion
Intestinal Digestion
What is secreted continuously to keep mouth moist and helps in the breaking down of food
Saliva
Where does peristalsis occur when swallowing
Esophagus
The opening sphincter of the stomach
Cardioesophageal Sphincter
a hormone that prods gastric glands to produce more of protein digesting enzyme, mucus, and HCl
Gastrin
where does most vigorous peristalsis and mixing action occur?
Pylorus
True or False? when the chyme reaches the small intestine, carbs, protein, fat, and nucleic acid digestion has already occured
False, carbs and protein digestion has already begun except for fat and nucleic acid because their digestion will start at small intestine
how long does the digestion takes place in small intestine
3 to 6 hours
an enzyme that has an extremely acidic environment. It acts on proteins and converts them into peptones
Pepsin
produced by the stomach works primarily on milk protein and converts them into a substance that looks like sour milk
Renin
True or False? Renin is produced in large amount in adults
False, it is produced in large amounts in infants and absent in adult
enzymes helps in digesting DNA and RNA present in our dietary substances.
Nucleases
It neutralizes hydrochloric acid coming from the stomach, releases gastrointestinal hormones into the bloodstream, and contains digestive enzymes that facilitate the digestion and absorption of food.
Intestinal Juice
True or False? Intestinal Juice is abundant with enzyme
False, it is relatively poor in enzyme
it contains a supply of bicarbonate ions which makes it a basic solution.
Pancreatic Juice
True or False? Pancreatic Juice contains enzymes
THROAT
The two hormones that influence the release of pancreatic juice and bile
Secretin and Cholecystokinin (CCK)
causes the liver to increase bile output
Secretin
causes gallbladder to contract and release stored bile
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
it acts as a detergent to emulsify large fat globules into thousands of tiny one
Bile
True or False? bile and pancreatic juice must work together to digest fat
OMSIM
Wat are the bile pigment
Bilirubin and Biliverdin
What are the three bile acids?
Cholic Acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid
Deoxycholic Acid
The two gases that contributes to flatulence and odor of feces
Methane and Hydrogen Sulfide
bacterial decomposition of carbohydrates under aerobic condition
Fermentation
bacterial decomposition of protein under anaerobic condition
Putrefaction
when excess of protein is consumed, it results to the removal of amine group from simple amino acids to form short chain organic acids
Deamination
removal of carboxyl group forming amines and releasing of CO2
Decarboxylation
What has the major role in detoxification?
Oxidation
combination of toxic substance with compound occurring naturally in the body, mainly in the liver
Coagulation
percentage of water that goes into small intestine
94%
percentage of water that goes into large intestine
6%
percentage of fluid that feces contains
75%
percentage of solid material that feces contains
25%
True or False? The breakdown of bile by intestinal bacteria results in the brown colored feces
OMSkrrt
True or False? The chemicals in intestinal bacteria is responsible for the odor
Tumpak MAre
small bulges or pockets that can develop in lining of intestine as you get older.
Diverticulosis
What is formed when your diet lacks bulk in which your colon narrows and its circular muscles contract more powerfully increasing the pressure on its walls
Diverticula
a condition which diverticula become inflamed and it can be life threatening..
Diverticulitis
