Water On The Land 💦🌊🌧

Question 1

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 1

The force of the water breaks rock particles away from the river channel

Question 2

What is abrasion?

Answer 2

Eroded rocks picked up by the river scrape and rub against the channel wearing it away

Question 3

What is attrition ?

Answer 3

Eroded rocks picked up by the river smash into each other and break into small fragments . Their edges also get rounded off as they rub together .

Question 4

What is solution ?

Answer 4

River water dissolves some types of rock eg. Chalk and limestone

Question 5

What are the four processes of erosion ?

Answer 5

Hydraulic action

Abrasion

Attrition

Solution

Question 6

What is discharge ?

Answer 6

Discharge is the volume or flow of water passing a river measuring station at a particular time

Question 7

What are the four main processes of transportation ?

Answer 7

Traction

Saltation

Suspension

Solution

Question 8

What is traction?

Answer 8

Large particles like boulders are pushed along the river bed by the force of the water

Question 9

What is saltation?

Answer 9

Pebble sized particles are bounced along the river bed by the force of the water

Question 10

What is suspension?

Answer 10

Small particles like silt and clay are carried along by the water

Question 11

What is deposition ?

Answer 11

When a river drops eroded material

Question 12

When does deposition happen?

Answer 12

When a river slows down and loses velocity

Question 13

Why do rivers slow down and deposit material?

Answer 13

-the volume of water in the river falls

The amount of eroded material in the water increases

The water is shallower

The river reaches its mouth

Question 14

Features of a waterfall ?

Answer 14

Less resistant rock-worn away

Hard resistant rock(cap)-not worn away

Overhang-more resistant rock is undercut

Plunge pool

Gorge-water retreats upstream

Question 15

What is a gorge ?

Answer 15

It’s steep sided and occurs when the collapsing is repeated and repeated and repeated and the waterfall retreats upstream

Question 16

How is a waterfall formed?

Answer 16

The more resistant rock lies over the less resistant rock . Less resistant rock is eroded more quickly leaving a ‘step’. The more resistant rock is under cut forming an over hang . Powerful fall of water erodes plunge pool using fallen rocks that are swirled around the foot of the waterfall where they erode the softer rock by abrasion and hydraulic action. The waterfall retreats upstream creating a steep-sided gorge.

Question 17

What is a meander?

Answer 17

A large bend in a river occurring in the middle or lower course

Question 18

Characteristics or the outside bend of the meander

Answer 18

DEEPER

Flows faster

A river cliff is found on the outside of a river bend

Erosion happens on the outside of the river bend

Question 19

Characteristics of inside a river bend of a meander

Answer 19

SHALLOWER

Slower river flow

Has a river BEACH

DEPOSITION HAPPENS HERE

Question 20

How are oxbow lakes formed ?

Answer 20

Erosion causes the outside bends to get closer until there’s only a small bit of land left between the bends (called the neck). The river breaks through this land,usually during a flood and the river flows along the shortest course . Deposition eventually cuts off the meander forming an oxbow lake