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Geography > Water on the Land > Flashcards

Water on the Land Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four processes of transportation?

A

Traction
Suspension
Saltation
Solution

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2
Q

What is Hydraulic Action?

A

The force of the river breaks rock particles away from the river channel.

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3
Q

What is Abrasion?

A

Eroded rocks picked up by the river scrape and rub against the channel,wearing it away.

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4
Q

What is Attrition?

A

Eroded rocks picked up by the river bed smash into each other,and break into smaller fragments. Their edges get rounded off as they rub together.

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5
Q

What is solution? (Type of erosion)

A

When river water dissolves some types of rock e.g Chalk

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6
Q

What is Traction?

A

When large particles like boulders are pushed along the river bed by the force of the water.

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7
Q

What is Saltation?

A

When pebble-sized particles are bounced along the river bed by the size of the water.

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8
Q

What is suspension?

A

When small particles like silt and clay are carried along by the water.

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9
Q

What is solution? (Type of transportation)

A

Soluble materials dissolve in the water and are carried along.

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10
Q

What is Deposition?

A

When a river drops the eroded material it’s transporting.

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11
Q

What are the reasons for the river slowing down and depositing material?

A

Volume of water in the river falls
Amount of eroded material in the water increases
The water is shallower
The river reaches it’s mouth

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12
Q

What is the valley and channel like at the upper course of a river?

A

V-Shaped Valley,steep sides,

Narrow,Shallow Channel

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13
Q

What is the valley and channel like at the middle course of a river?

A

Gently sloping valley sides,

wider,deeper channel.

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14
Q

What is the valley and channel like at the lower course of a river?

A

Very wide,almost flat valley,

Very wide,deep channel

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15
Q

What are the two types of erosion?

A

Vertical Erosion-which deepens the river valley and channel,making it V-shaped.

Lateral Erosion-which widens the river valley and channel.

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16
Q

What are the different types of River Landforms?

A

Meanders
Ox-Box lakes
Waterfalls and Gorges
Floodplains and Levees

17
Q

What is the River Discharge?

A

It is the volume of water flowing in a river. Measured in Cumecs.

18
Q

What is River Discharge affected by?

A 
Amount and type of rainfall
Temperature
Previous weather conditions 
Rock type
Land use 
Relief
19
Q

What physical factors lead to river flooding?

A

Prolonged rainfall
Snowmelt
Heavy Rainfall
Relief

20
Q

What human factors cause flooding?

A

Deforestation

Building Construction

21
Q

What are the two types of strategies to deal with flooding?

A

Hard Engineering:Man-made structures built to control the flow of the rivers and reduce flooding.

Soft Engineering:Schemes set up using the knowledge of the river and its processes to reduced the effects of flooding.

22
Q

What are the hard engineering strategies to stop flooding?

A

Dams and Reservoirs

Channel Straightening

23
Q

What are the soft engineering strategies for flooding?

A

Flood Warnings
Preparation
Flood Plain Zoning
‘Do nothing’

24
Q

Why is demand for water different across the UK?

A

As places with a good supply of water,aren’t the same as places with the highest demand.

25
Q

What are the problems with water transfer?

A

The dams and aqueducts are expensive
Could affect wildlife that live in rivers
May be political issues

26
Q

How can less water be lost through water transfer?

A

Leaky pipes could be fixed-millions of litres of water is lost everyday through leaky pipes around London

27
Q

How can the demand for water be reduced?

A

Reduce the amount they are using at home
Water companies want water meters installed-so people are paying for the exact amount they use,so people won’t use as much

28
Q

What are the four processes of Erosion?

A

Hydraulic Action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

Geography (5 decks)

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