Water on the Land Flashcards
What are the four processes of transportation?
Traction
Suspension
Saltation
Solution
What is Hydraulic Action?
The force of the river breaks rock particles away from the river channel.
What is Abrasion?
Eroded rocks picked up by the river scrape and rub against the channel,wearing it away.
What is Attrition?
Eroded rocks picked up by the river bed smash into each other,and break into smaller fragments. Their edges get rounded off as they rub together.
What is solution? (Type of erosion)
When river water dissolves some types of rock e.g Chalk
What is Traction?
When large particles like boulders are pushed along the river bed by the force of the water.
What is Saltation?
When pebble-sized particles are bounced along the river bed by the size of the water.
What is suspension?
When small particles like silt and clay are carried along by the water.
What is solution? (Type of transportation)
Soluble materials dissolve in the water and are carried along.
What is Deposition?
When a river drops the eroded material it’s transporting.
What are the reasons for the river slowing down and depositing material?
Volume of water in the river falls
Amount of eroded material in the water increases
The water is shallower
The river reaches it’s mouth
What is the valley and channel like at the upper course of a river?
V-Shaped Valley,steep sides,
Narrow,Shallow Channel
What is the valley and channel like at the middle course of a river?
Gently sloping valley sides,
wider,deeper channel.
What is the valley and channel like at the lower course of a river?
Very wide,almost flat valley,
Very wide,deep channel
What are the two types of erosion?
Vertical Erosion-which deepens the river valley and channel,making it V-shaped.
Lateral Erosion-which widens the river valley and channel.
What are the different types of River Landforms?
Meanders
Ox-Box lakes
Waterfalls and Gorges
Floodplains and Levees
What is the River Discharge?
It is the volume of water flowing in a river. Measured in Cumecs.
What is River Discharge affected by?
Amount and type of rainfall Temperature Previous weather conditions Rock type Land use Relief
What physical factors lead to river flooding?
Prolonged rainfall
Snowmelt
Heavy Rainfall
Relief
What human factors cause flooding?
Deforestation
Building Construction
What are the two types of strategies to deal with flooding?
Hard Engineering:Man-made structures built to control the flow of the rivers and reduce flooding.
Soft Engineering:Schemes set up using the knowledge of the river and its processes to reduced the effects of flooding.
What are the hard engineering strategies to stop flooding?
Dams and Reservoirs
Channel Straightening
What are the soft engineering strategies for flooding?
Flood Warnings
Preparation
Flood Plain Zoning
‘Do nothing’
Why is demand for water different across the UK?
As places with a good supply of water,aren’t the same as places with the highest demand.
What are the problems with water transfer?
The dams and aqueducts are expensive
Could affect wildlife that live in rivers
May be political issues
How can less water be lost through water transfer?
Leaky pipes could be fixed-millions of litres of water is lost everyday through leaky pipes around London
How can the demand for water be reduced?
Reduce the amount they are using at home
Water companies want water meters installed-so people are paying for the exact amount they use,so people won’t use as much
What are the four processes of Erosion?
Hydraulic Action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution
