Water, Hops and Other Flavourings Flashcards
What are bines?
The stems of the hop plant
Why are harvested hop cones dried with warm air in a hop kiln?
To reduce the moisture and lower the risk of rotting.
What is a Strig?
The hop plant attaches to to the bine via the stalk called a Strig
What are Bracts?
The lupulin glands are surrounded by green petal like structures called Bracts
What are lupulin glands?
In the centre of the hop are yellow lupulin glands, they contain bittering acids called alpha acids. They also contain essential oils that contribute aromas to the final beer.
What happens to the alpha acid when boiled in the wort
they are transformed into iso- alpha acids (which is a bittering compound)
How many hours a day do hops need sunlight to grow?
13 hours
What degrees are hop plants grown in latitude wise
35-55 degrees
What are the 4 example German and Czech Hops varieties
Hallatauer Mitellfruh, Tettnanger, Spalt, Saaz
What aromas are German and Czech Hops known for?
Subtle spicy, floral or herbal (peppercorn, blossom or mint)
What are the 3 examples of British Hops
Fuggle, East Kent Golding, Challenger
What aromas are British Hops known for?
Herbal, Earthy, Fruity (Green or black Tea, Earth, Cedar or Blackcurrant)
What are the 6 examples of American Hops
Cascade, Chinook, Simcoe, Citra, Amarillo, Mosaic
What aromas are American Hops known for?
Pronounced Citrus and Stone Fruit or Tropical (grapefruit, orange, peach, pineapple, or lychee) and notes of resin and pine
What are the 3 examples of Australian and New Zealand Hops
Motueka, Nelson Sauvin, Galaxy
What aromas are Australian and New Zealand Hops known for?
Tropical, Stone fruit and Citrus (passionfruit, peach, gooseberry, grape, lime)
Why are harvested hop cones dried with warm air in a hop kiln?
To reduce the moisture and lower the risk of rotting.
Which hop product is typically used for their bittering potential but can also contribute aromas and reduce the amount of hop material in the brewing process?
Hop extracts
What is isomerisation?
The process of converting alpha-acids into more soluble and bitter iso-alpha acids.
What can the mineral composition of water impact in the final beer?
Mouthfeel, Taste and Aroma
True or False
Today, water used in brewing is often treated and can be adjusted to create the right mineral composition in the water for the desired style.
True
What negative effect can Sulphates have on the brewing equipment or final beer.
Very high levels of these ions can lead to off-flavours.
What negative effect can Carbonates and bicarbonates have on the brewing equipment or final beer.
The salts of these ions can negatively affect brewing equipment by causing scale on heating surfaces.
Adding hops during or after fermentation is known as…..
Dry hopping
