water cycle and water insecurity Flashcards
How many tons of of polluted materials were discharged into the waters of Guangdong river in 2007?
13 billion
How many tons of of waste water were discharged into the waters of Guangdong river in 2007?
8 billion
When was the Bostcastle flood?
August, 2004
How much rain fell in 2 hours in Bostcastle?
75mm
give 4 causes of the bostcastle flood.
Ground was saturated before flood
steep sided valley
confluence of 2 rivers
low bridges trapped by trees
The 2015 cumbria floods were caused by what storm?
Storm desmond (2015)
How much rain fell at Honister pass (cumbria) in 24 hours?
340 mm
When was the Mississippi flood?
1993
Mississippi - levees
3000km up to 15m
Mississippi - channel straightening
1750km
When was the pakistan flood?
2010
how many died in Pakistan flood?
at least 1600
how many acres of farmland were flooded in pakistan flood?
1.4 million
what was the estimated total cost of the pakistan flood?
$43 billion
By what year was the Aral sea 10% of its original size?
2007
In what year did a private water company take over what Bolivian city?
2000
Cochabamba
Bills in Cochabamba increased by how much (%) for most people?
200-300%
How many countries is the Nile agreement between?
11
The Nile provides what percentage of Egypt’s water?
95%
When was the first Nile agreement?
1929
What was included in the first Nile agreement?
significant allocations to egypt and sudan
veto powers on dam construction
When was the Cooperative Framework Agreement signed (Nile) ?
2010
What is the name of the dam announced by Ethiopia in 2011, and whn was an agreement reached?
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance dam
2015
How many US states are part of the Colorado river pact?
7
When was the Colorado River Pact negotiated?
1922
What % of the Colorado river’s water is used before reaching Mexico?
90%
How much has Colorado’s river flow been reduced by since 2000?
20%
(climate change)
In 1990 Turkey shut off the flow of The Euphrates for how many days?
90 days
How many dams are part of the GAP project?
22
In Iraq, flows are down by how much (%)?
80%
In Syria, flows are down by how much (%)?
40%
How many people were relocated for the construction of the Three Gorges Dam?
1.3 million people
By how much does the three gorges dam reduce coal consumption?
31 million tonnes per year
What percentage of China’s water is in the south?
80%
The South-North water transfer has the capacity to deliver how much freshwater annually?
25 billion m3
What is the construction cost of the south-North water transfer?
$80 billion
How many people where displaced by the South-North water transfer?
300k
What are the 4 taps (Singapore) ?
- Imported water from Malaysia
- NEWater
- desalination
- local catchment water
When does the agreement between Singapore and Malaysia end?
2061
What is NEWater and it currently meets how much of there demand?
recycled water
30%
desalination provides how much of singapores water?
25%
3 examples of sustainable water strategies.
Water aid in Uganda
smart irrigation in Australia
Berlin rules
How much has smart irrigation increased Australia’s water productivity by?
60%
