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Geograhy - Physical > Water Cycle > Flashcards

Water Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What classifies as an input in the water cycle ?

A

Adding material to the cycle .e.g precipitation

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2
Q

What classifies as an output in the water cycle ?

A

Taking away material from the cycle .e.g. evaporation

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3
Q

What classifies as a store in the water cycle ?

A

Some where a material is kept or stored .e.g. glaciers

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4
Q

What classifies as a flow or transfer in the water cycle ?

A

This is the links between the stores e.g. infiltration, ground water flow and evaporation.

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5
Q

What are the 4 largest stores of water on earth ?

A

Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Cryosphere
Lithosphere

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6
Q

Where is water stored in the lithosphere?

A

It is stored in the oceanic crust within rock structures and also in continental crust such as rocks , minerals , clay and as ground water .

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7
Q

Where is water stored in the hydrosphere?

A

It is kept in oceans , seas , rivers , streams, lakes and ponds.

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8
Q

Where is water stored in the cryosphere ?

A

This includes glaciers and ice sheets as well as frozen sections in the ocean .

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9
Q

Where is water stored in the atmosphere?

A

Water is stored in our clouds but can also be found in all layers of the atmosphere in the form of microscopic water vapours .

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10
Q

How are clouds formed ?

A

They are formed when water molecules join up together . As they rise the vapours condense and are kept aloft by raising air currents .

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11
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Precipitation is any form of moisture falling from the sky such as snow or rain .

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12
Q

What is “the entire area from which a drop of rainfall eventually reaches a river” ?

A

Drainage basin

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13
Q

What is the term used to describes the number of hours between maximum rainfall and peak river discharge ?

A

Lag time

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14
Q

Pervious is the ?

A

Rock quality permitting water to flow through it by means of fissures and joints

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15
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium?

A

A state of balance between continuing processes

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16
Q

What are the 3 Factors of convectional rainfall ?

A
  1. hight levels of insolation
  2. large amount of evaporation
  3. short intense storms
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17
Q

What are the 3 main factors of orographic rainfall ?

A
  1. air forces to rise up mountains
  2. rain on wind ward side of mountain
  3. air sinks and warms creating rain shadow
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18
Q

Facts on Greenland ice sheet

A

The Greenland Ice sheet is the 2nd largest in the world .
It hold 8% of earths fresh water.
1500 miles long.
If it were to all melt sea levels would rise by 24ft.

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19
Q

What is the watershed ?

A

The boundary of a drainage basin , usually a mountain range .

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20
Q

The loss of moisture to the atmosphere from plants via leaf stomata.

A

Transpiration

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21
Q

what is Water being absorbed by soil called ?

A

Infiltration.

22
Q

What is the transfer of water over impermeable material ?

A

Surface flow

23
Q

What is the loss of moisture to the atmosphere that resides on leaf,stem and branch surfaces plus from the internal structures of plants named ?

A

Evapotranspiration.

24
Q

The movement of water through porous rock into the underground stores is called ?

A

Percolation .

25
Q

Hydrograph: peak rainfall is the …

A

Time of the highest rainfall level .

26
Q

Hydrograph:peak discharge is …

A

Time of the highest river Channel level .

27
Q

Hydrograph: lag time is the …

A

Difference in time between the peak rainfall and peak discharge .

28
Q

Hydrograph: the rising limb is..

A

The increase in river discharge

29
Q

Hydrograph: falling limb is …

A

The fall in river discharge .

30
Q

Hydrograph: Base flow is the …

A

Normal river flow

31
Q

What does a hydrography show?

A

A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow.

32
Q

T or F : glaciers can generate an input into a river system.

A

true

33
Q

T or F : groundwater can operate as an input, a store and an output of drainage systems?

A

true

34
Q

T or F : a lake is only considered a water store if it is contained by a dam.

A

false

35
Q

what is transpiration?

A

it is the loss of moisture to the atmosphere from plants via leaf stomata.

36
Q

what is infiltration?

A

it is water being absorbed by soil.

37
Q

what is surface flow?

A

it is the transfer of water over impermeable material.

38
Q

what is evaportranpiration?

A

the loss of moisture to the atmosphere that resides on leaf,stem and branch surfaces plus the internal structures of plants.

39
Q

what is percolation?

A

the movement of water through porous rock into underground stores.

40
Q

what is the source of a river?

A

is the start of the river within a basin.

41
Q

what is the mouth of a river?

A

this where the river meets the sea.

42
Q

what is a tributary in a river system?

A

this is where a smaller river feeds into the main river.

43
Q

what is a confluence in a river?

A

this is the point where two rivers meet.

44
Q

what is it called where water is stored in soil?

A

the pedosphere

45
Q

what is stemflow?

A

water that has been intercepted by vegetation may drip from leaves or flow down stems and trunks to reach the ground.

46
Q

what are some facts about the Greenland ice sheet?

A

Ice sheets are a large scale global store of fresh water.

The Greenland ice sheet is the 2nd largest in the world

It contains 8% of the worlds fresh water and is almost 1500miles long / 1.5 miles thick

If all of the ice sheet were to melt the world sea levels would rise by 24ft

47
Q

how big is the Mississippi river basin?

A

it is the 4th largest in the world and covers around 1.4 million square miles.

48
Q

what is one of the larger impacts on the flow of the Mississippi ?

A

it is greatly controlled by precipitation and snow melt.

49
Q

how much of the rainfall is lost to transpiration?

A

around 3/4 of all rainfall is lost.

50
Q

what can high levels of precipitation lead too?

A

it can lead to soil water limits being reached and the soil being saturated. leading to increased surface run off and increased discharge.

Geograhy - Physical (6 decks)

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