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Biochemistry > Water And pH > Flashcards

Water And pH Flashcards

1
Q

Wateris an excellent ____________, which enables it to participate in many chemical reactions.

A

Nucleophile

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2
Q

What is the shape of water molecule?

A

Tetrahedron

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3
Q

Water have 104.5-degree angle that differs from the ideal 109.5 degree angle between hydrogens, why?

A

As a dipole, water electrical charge is distributed asymmetrically, the strongly electroneg oxygen pulls electrons towards it.

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4
Q

Dielectric constant is also called?

A

Permitivity

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5
Q

It is the measure of the ability of a material to resist the formation of an electric field w/in it

A

Dielectric constant

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6
Q

Water have high dielectric constant, what does this do between charged particles?

A

Decreases the force of attraction

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7
Q

A compound with high dielectric constant can easily break ionic bonds, what is the dielectric constant of water?

A

78.5

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8
Q

A nucleophile forms chemical bonds by __________ bonding electrons

A

Donating

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9
Q

Water dissociates into

A

Hydronium ion (H3O+) and hydroxide ion (OH-)

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10
Q

Water is an excellent nucleophile and it is attracted to ________ charges.

A

Positive

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11
Q

What is the ability of water to separate charges between solutions

A

High dielectric constant

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12
Q

The ______ structure of water makes it more capable of forming hydrogen bonds.

A

Dipole

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13
Q

Hydrogen bonds are formed because they are attached to

A

Electronegative

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14
Q

Water can dissolve most organic and inorganic molecules because of this property.

A

Dipolar structure

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15
Q

_______ donates protons or hydrogen bonds.

A

Acid

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16
Q

These are strong bonds that consist of three types; ionic, metallic and covalent

A

Primary bonds

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17
Q

These are weak bonds existing in substances such as water (H-bond and Van der Vaals)

A

Secondary bonds

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18
Q

What happens when you apply electric current to water?

A

Most of it will dissociate

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19
Q

What are hydrophobic bonds?

A

van der Vaals

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20
Q

There is giving of electrons that causes both atoms to be charged

A

Ionic bonding

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21
Q

Electrostatic reactions is also called

A

Salt bridges

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22
Q

Bonds where electrons in the outer shell are shared( swirling) that provide movement of free electrons

A

Metallic bonds

23
Q

Atoms binded with this bond have good thermal and electrical conduction.

A

Metallic bond

24
Q

A bond between an electronegative atom with a hydrogen covalently bonded to another electronegative atom

A

H-bond

25
Q

H-bond is weaker than covLent bond because

A

No electrons are shared

26
Q

What force is produced from a H atom bonded to N,O or F

A

Dipole-dipole force

27
Q

What is the bond that is formed in secondary structure of proteins?

A

H-bond

28
Q

What is the bond responsible for alcohol-water, and alc-alc interaction?

A

H-bond

29
Q

Highly repulsive forces that repel water, making it hydrophobic

A

Van der Vaals

30
Q

Bonds that stabilizes globular proteins when neutral R-groups reassociate with one another.

A

Van der Vaals

31
Q

Forces that holds water in liquid state until boiling

A

Van der Vaals

32
Q

Electrostatic interactions or salt bridges are seen what structure of protein?

A

Tertiary structure

33
Q

The nucleophilic attacks of water result in the cleavage or breakage of bonds of amide, glycoside or ester bonds

A

Hydrolysis

34
Q

What will aid the breakage of sucrose to glucose and fructose?

A

Water

35
Q

These acids like HCl and H2SO4 completely dissociate in strongly acidic solutions

A

Strong acids

36
Q

What is the protonated form of an acid?

A

HA or RNH3+

37
Q

This is the measure of relative strength of acids and bases

A

Dissociation constant (Ka)

38
Q

____ is the negative logarithm of Ka

A

pKa

39
Q

The lower the pKa, the __________ the dissociation constant

A

Higher

40
Q

The higher the dissociation constant, the -______ the acid because it has a greater tendency to dissociate

A

Stronger

41
Q

These are acids with more than one dissociable groups ( like carboxyl and amino group)

A

Diprotic acid

42
Q

The dissociation of H in diprotic acids is influences by changes in

A

pH

43
Q

What is the formula of acid dissociation constant?

A

Ka=[H+]+[A-]/[HA]

44
Q

What is the dissociation constant of water?

A

10^14

45
Q

At lower temperature, Kw ________.

A

Decreases

46
Q

What is the pH of a soln whose H ion conc is [0.0001]?

A

4

47
Q

What is the ph of a soln whose hydroxide ion conc is 4.0x10^-4 mol/L?

A 
pOH= 3.4
pH = 10.6
48
Q

Ph is equal to pKa + log [A-/HA], what is the ph when A- and HA are equal?

A

pH = pKa

If 10/1, pH = pKa +1

49
Q

What is the tendency of a soln to resist change in pH ff addition of strong acid or base to prevent abrupt changes?

A

Buffering

50
Q

What is the maximum buffering region?

A

Plus 1 and minus 1 pH levels

51
Q

What are the 3 important buffer systems?

A
  1. Bicarbonate
  2. Inorganic orthophosphates
  3. Intracellular proteins such as hemoglobin
52
Q

CO2 in the body produces H+, if there is an increase in CO2 in the body, it becomes _________.

A

Acidic

53
Q

What are the two organs that play a role in maintaining pH?

A

Kidneys and lungs

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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