Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > Introduction To Biochemistry > Flashcards

Introduction To Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme is responsible for the increased sensitivity to alcohol of some people?

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If there is a defect in aldehyde dehydrogenase what will happen?

A

There will be accumulation of acetaldehyde. > Increased acetaldehyde level in blood > inc sensitivity to alcohol > less ethanol req for vasodilation > facial flushing and inc heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aspirin interferes with the production of _______ and _________ from arachidonate (cyclooxygenase enzyme) to prevent heart attack.

A

Prostaglandins; Thromboxanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This functions to transport fatty acids to the mitochondria where oxidation of fatty acids takes place.

A

Carnitine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False: Carnitine helps in fat metabolism.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The presence of this compound results in the formation of pheomelanin (reddish-brown pigment).

A

Glutathione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Holds the cell together and binds certain regulatory substances through its receptors.

A

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Repository of genetic information

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The site of ribosomal assembly that contain copies of genes for rRNA.

A

Nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Complicated array of vesicular spaces separated from the cytosol by a system of membranes.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The RER are lined with ribosomes on what surface?

A

Cytoplasmic surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

SER found in intestinal cells functions for the synthesis of _______.

A

Triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SER found in adrenalcortex cells function in the synthesis of ______.

A

Steroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SER found in liver cells is the site of ____________ involved in metabolism of steroids, drugs, etc.

A

Cytochrome P450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

It is the site glycosylation.

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

It contains the enzymes of kreb’s cycle, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, ETC and oxidative phophorylation.

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contains hydrolytic and degradative enzymes used to digest foreign materials in the cell.

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This functions to recycle cellular components.

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Microbodies that contain oxidase and catalases.

A

Peroxisomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oxidase and catalase synthesize and degrade ___________.

A

Hydrogen peroxide

21
Q

Give the cell it’s shape and ability to move

A

Cytoskeleton

22
Q

Microtubules are composed of what protein?

A

Tubulin

23
Q

This filament aids in the formation of mitotic spindle during mitosis.

A

Microtubules

24
Q

Microfilaments are composed of what protein?

A

Actin

25
Q

Type of filament that functions against mechanical stress.

A

Intermediate filament

26
Q

Which metabolic process does not occur in the cytosol; glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, PPP, activation of amino acids, ETC, biosynthesis of fatty acids

A

ETC

27
Q

In plants, this resembles the mitochondria.

A

Chloroplast

28
Q

Storage depots for nutrients,waste and pigments in plants.

A

Vacuole

29
Q

The process of isolating specific organelles in relatively pure form and free of contamination.

A

Subcellular fractioning

30
Q

What are the steps of subcellular fractioning?

A
  1. Extraction
  2. Homogenization
  3. Centrifugation
31
Q

What is the temp required for extraction to avoid loss of biologic activity?

A

0-4 degress Celcius

32
Q

What do you call the suspension liberated from homogenization?

A

Homogenate

33
Q

What are the 3 pellets yielded in centrifugation?

A
  1. Nuclear fraction
  2. Mitochondrial fraction
  3. Microsomal fraction
34
Q

Smaller and less dense component of the solution

A

Supernatant

35
Q

What are the marker enzymes of the mitochondria, ER and golgi apparatus?

A

Mitochondria: GlutaMic dehydrogenase
ER: Glucose 6-phosphatase
Golgi apparatus: Galactosyl transferase

36
Q

Which of the ff is mismatched?

a. Lysosomes: acid phosphatase
b. Peroxisomes: catalase
c. Cytosol: Na-K pump
d. Nucleus: DNA

A

C. Cytosol: lactate dehydrogenase

37
Q

_________has a unique role in cell because of its ability to form strong covalent bonds with its same element.

A

Carbon

38
Q

Formed when there is sharing of electrons.

A

Covalent bond

39
Q

This is formed when there is transfer of electrons from one ion to another.

A

Ionic bond

40
Q

What is the characteristic of Carbon that it has the ability to bind to itself in unlimited quantities?

A

Catenation

41
Q

Association of water molecules by hydrogen bonds by forces between opposite dipoles

A

Hygrogen-bonding

42
Q

Bonding reaction that Results in substitution and addition reaction

A

Nucleophilic reactions

43
Q

Ions formation is facilitated by partial charges.

A

Heterolytic bond cleavage

44
Q

Liberation of proton is aided by the polar O-H bond of carboxylic acids

A

Acid ionization

45
Q

Double bonds on alternate C atoms is stabilized by?

A

Resonance

46
Q

These are stable, non-polar, water insoluble compounds made up of C and H

A

Hydrocarbons (methane and methyl group)

47
Q

Which of the ff compounds contains a hydroxyl group?

a. Aldehyde
b. Alcohol
c. Ketone

A

A. Alcohol ( with -OH attached to C)

Aldehyde and ketone have carbonyl group ( C=O attached to C)

48
Q

What are formed when acid and amine is combined?

A

Amides

Unlike amines, amides are uncharged in water

49
Q

What is the stable ion formed from phosphoric acid, H3PO4?

A

Inorganic phosphate

Biochemistry (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions