Introduction To Biochemistry

Question 1

What enzyme is responsible for the increased sensitivity to alcohol of some people?

Answer 1

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 2

If there is a defect in aldehyde dehydrogenase what will happen?

Answer 2

There will be accumulation of acetaldehyde. > Increased acetaldehyde level in blood > inc sensitivity to alcohol > less ethanol req for vasodilation > facial flushing and inc heart rate

Question 3

Aspirin interferes with the production of _______ and _________ from arachidonate (cyclooxygenase enzyme) to prevent heart attack.

Answer 3

Prostaglandins; Thromboxanes

Question 4

This functions to transport fatty acids to the mitochondria where oxidation of fatty acids takes place.

Answer 4

Carnitine

Question 5

True or False: Carnitine helps in fat metabolism.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The presence of this compound results in the formation of pheomelanin (reddish-brown pigment).

Answer 6

Glutathione

Question 7

Holds the cell together and binds certain regulatory substances through its receptors.

Answer 7

Plasma membrane

Question 8

Repository of genetic information

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

The site of ribosomal assembly that contain copies of genes for rRNA.

Answer 9

Nucleolus

Question 10

Complicated array of vesicular spaces separated from the cytosol by a system of membranes.

Answer 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

The RER are lined with ribosomes on what surface?

Answer 11

Cytoplasmic surface

Question 12

SER found in intestinal cells functions for the synthesis of _______.

Answer 12

Triglycerides

Question 13

SER found in adrenalcortex cells function in the synthesis of ______.

Answer 13

Steroid hormones

Question 14

SER found in liver cells is the site of ____________ involved in metabolism of steroids, drugs, etc.

Answer 14

Cytochrome P450

Question 15

It is the site glycosylation.

Answer 15

Golgi apparatus

Question 16

It contains the enzymes of kreb’s cycle, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, ETC and oxidative phophorylation.

Answer 16

Mitochondria

Question 17

Contains hydrolytic and degradative enzymes used to digest foreign materials in the cell.

Answer 17

Lysosomes

Question 18

This functions to recycle cellular components.

Answer 18

Lysosomes

Question 19

Microbodies that contain oxidase and catalases.

Answer 19

Peroxisomes

Question 20

Oxidase and catalase synthesize and degrade ___________.

Answer 20

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 21

Give the cell it’s shape and ability to move

Answer 21

Cytoskeleton

Question 22

Microtubules are composed of what protein?

Answer 22

Tubulin

Question 23

This filament aids in the formation of mitotic spindle during mitosis.

Answer 23

Microtubules

Question 24

Microfilaments are composed of what protein?

Answer 24

Actin

Question 25

Type of filament that functions against mechanical stress.

Answer 25

Intermediate filament

Question 26

Which metabolic process does not occur in the cytosol; glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, PPP, activation of amino acids, ETC, biosynthesis of fatty acids

Answer 26

ETC

Question 27

In plants, this resembles the mitochondria.

Answer 27

Chloroplast

Question 28

Storage depots for nutrients,waste and pigments in plants.

Answer 28

Vacuole

Question 29

The process of isolating specific organelles in relatively pure form and free of contamination.

Answer 29

Subcellular fractioning

Question 30

What are the steps of subcellular fractioning?

Answer 30

1. Extraction 2. Homogenization 3. Centrifugation

Question 31

What is the temp required for extraction to avoid loss of biologic activity?

Answer 31

0-4 degress Celcius

Question 32

What do you call the suspension liberated from homogenization?

Answer 32

Homogenate

Question 33

What are the 3 pellets yielded in centrifugation?

Answer 33

1. Nuclear fraction 2. Mitochondrial fraction 3. Microsomal fraction

Question 34

Smaller and less dense component of the solution

Answer 34

Supernatant

Question 35

What are the marker enzymes of the mitochondria, ER and golgi apparatus?

Answer 35

Mitochondria: GlutaMic dehydrogenase ER: Glucose 6-phosphatase Golgi apparatus: Galactosyl transferase

Question 36

Which of the ff is mismatched? a. Lysosomes: acid phosphatase b. Peroxisomes: catalase c. Cytosol: Na-K pump d. Nucleus: DNA

Answer 36

C. Cytosol: lactate dehydrogenase

Question 37

_________has a unique role in cell because of its ability to form strong covalent bonds with its same element.

Answer 37

Carbon

Question 38

Formed when there is sharing of electrons.

Answer 38

Covalent bond

Question 39

This is formed when there is transfer of electrons from one ion to another.

Answer 39

Ionic bond

Question 40

What is the characteristic of Carbon that it has the ability to bind to itself in unlimited quantities?

Answer 40

Catenation

Question 41

Association of water molecules by hydrogen bonds by forces between opposite dipoles

Answer 41

Hygrogen-bonding

Question 42

Bonding reaction that Results in substitution and addition reaction

Answer 42

Nucleophilic reactions

Question 43

Ions formation is facilitated by partial charges.

Answer 43

Heterolytic bond cleavage

Question 44

Liberation of proton is aided by the polar O-H bond of carboxylic acids

Answer 44

Acid ionization

Question 45

Double bonds on alternate C atoms is stabilized by?

Answer 45

Resonance

Question 46

These are stable, non-polar, water insoluble compounds made up of C and H

Answer 46

Hydrocarbons (methane and methyl group)

Question 47

Which of the ff compounds contains a hydroxyl group? a. Aldehyde b. Alcohol c. Ketone

Answer 47

A. Alcohol ( with -OH attached to C) Aldehyde and ketone have carbonyl group ( C=O attached to C)

Question 48

What are formed when acid and amine is combined?

Answer 48

Amides Unlike amines, amides are uncharged in water

Question 49

What is the stable ion formed from phosphoric acid, H3PO4?

Answer 49

Inorganic phosphate