water and carbon

Question 1

increased surface run off

Answer 1

more impermeable material such as concrete means that water has no where to go and therefore increase surface run off.

Question 2

decreased infiltration

Answer 2

less permeable as concrete and other man made material is used for infrastructure

Question 3

increased evaporation

Answer 3

infiltration decreases and doesn’t go into the soil therefore water is on the ground and increased chance of evaporation

Question 4

pollution

Answer 4

cars are used, therefore more greenhouse gases.
oil spilling into lakes and reservoirs, soil erosion as result, less infiltration.

Question 5

subsurface drainage

Answer 5

draining field means goes to the lake quicker therefore increases flooding and increases infiltration

Question 6

impacts of extensive deforestation

Answer 6

ET is low. water leaves the area by channel flow. rather than continuous cycling between forest and atmosphere. This had a knock on effect- less water is available for evaporation. channel flow reduces overtime.

Question 7

what is antecedent rainfall

Answer 7

precipitation that has fallen before

Question 8

how can rock type change water cycle

Answer 8

soil and rock are types within the local hydrology. impermeable rocks lead to greater overall flow. through flow and infiltration is therefore reduced resulting in a shorter lag time, permeable greater than infiltration

Question 9

affect on relief

Answer 9

steep slopes mean that rainwater is likely to run straight over the surface before it can infiltrate, overland flow/ runoff. on the more gentle slopes infiltrations more likely to occur

Question 10

human factor-vegetation coverage

Answer 10

help to reduce flooding by increasing the time it takes for water to reach a river by encouraging infiltration, intercepting water by their leaves and taking up water in their root. areas cleared by deforestation will respond quickly to rainfall due to the reduced interception.

Question 11

human impact- urbanisation

Answer 11

increases the amount of impermeable man-made surfaces such as concrete and tarmac, this speed up surface run-off.

Question 12

soil moisture recharge

Answer 12

when water is being added into the soil or drainage basin

Question 13

soil utilaisation

Answer 13

soil moisture is being used by plants to grow

Question 14

soil moisture defecit

Answer 14

outputs are exceeding inputs so the soil is dry and deficit. plants may wilt or stop growing

Question 15

soil moisture surplus

Answer 15

inputs exceed outputs. soil will be wet and there might be water stored on the surface on the ground (puddles).