water and ATP

Question 1

what type of molecule is water

Answer 1

dipolar molecule

Question 2

why does water have an unevenly distributed charge?

Answer 2

due to fact oxygen atom is slightly negative and the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive

Question 3

what are the key properties of water?

Answer 3

water is a metabolite, is a solvent, has a high specific latent heat of vapourisation, high specific heat capacity and has a strong cohesion.

Question 4

explain by what is meant by water is a metabolite?
so what needs to be largely composed of water?

Answer 4

involved in many reactions
- cytoplasm aslo its essential that 90% of plasma in blood is water

Question 5

explain by what is meant by water is a solvent?
explain how water acts as a solvent?

Answer 5

many substances dissolve in water
- slightly negative oxygen atoms and slightly positive atoms are oppositly charged and attract

Question 6

explain why water being dipolar is useful?

Answer 6

polar substances dissolve readily in water

Question 7

what is meant by polar and non-polar?

Answer 7

polar = hydrophyllic non-polar=hydrophobic

Question 8

what is meant by water having a high specific heat capacity?
why is this?

Answer 8

lots of energy required to raise the temperature of water
-most of thermal energy needed is used to break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecule

Question 9

why is water having a high specific heat capacity useful?

Answer 9

organisms water temperature is stable even if the temperature fluctuates,
also enzymes do not denature which keeps the environment stable

Question 10

what is meant by water having a high latent heat of vapourisation?
why is this?

Answer 10

los of energy is needed to convert water in a liquid state to a gaseous state.
because hydrogen bonds need a lot of energy to break

Question 11

explain why water having a high latent heat of vaporisation is useful ?

Answer 11

• water provides a significant cooling effect
  -humans sweat releases water on the skin

Question 12

what is meant by water having a strong cohesion?

Answer 12

h-bonds make water molecules stick together creating surface tension on the water surface

Question 13

ATP is a nucleotide derivative
what is meant by this statement?

Answer 13

its made up of many of the same structure/molecules that a nucleotide is

Question 14

what is the full name for ATP

Answer 14

AdenosineTriPhosphate

Question 15

function of ATP?

Answer 15

immediate source of energy in metabolism or biological processes

Question 16

structure of ATP

Answer 16

consists of 3 components: a adenine base, pentose/ribose sugar and three inorganic phosphate groups

Question 17

how is atp formed?

Answer 17

made during respiration from ADP + PI (energy) via a condensation reaction using enzyme ATP synthase

Question 18

what type of reaction is this?
when hydrolysed forms?

Answer 18

reversible reaction
ATP + water

Question 19

if we break the bonds between the inorganic phosphate?
How do we break these bonds?
What is this reaction doing?

Answer 19

a small amount of energy is released to surroundings which can be used in chemical reactions

Using ATP hydrolyse to convert ATP + water into ADP + pi

Question 20

explain how ATP transfer energy to different compounds?
what is this process called?
why is this also done to glucose at the start of respiration?

Answer 20

the inorganic phosphate group released during the hydrolysis of ATP can be bonded onto different compounds to make them more reactive - phosphorylation
to make it more reactive

Question 21

what are the 5 key properties of ATP

Answer 21

1. ATP releases energy in small manageable amounts so no energy is wasted
2. ATP is small and soluble so easily transported around the cell
3. only one bond is broken/hydrolysed to release energy - immediate supply
4. it can transfer energy to another molecule
5. ATP can not pass out of the cell, the cell always has an immediate supply of energy

Question 22

explain the use of ATP releasing energy in small manageable amounts?
Whereas glucose..?

Answer 22

• no energy is wasted
• cells do not overheat from wasted energy
• less likely to run out of resources
• glucose will release large amounts of energy - wasted energy

Question 23

explain the use of ATP being small and soluble

Answer 23

• easily transported around the cell
• atp can move around the cytoplasm to provide energy for chemical reactions
• glucose also has this property

Question 24

explain the use that only one bond is broken in ATP?

Answer 24

• immediate source of energy
• glucose will need several bonds to be broken to release its energy

Question 25

explain the use of ATP being able to transfer its energy to another ,molecule (by transfering its phosphate group)?

Answer 25

• make other compounds more reactive
• glucose can not do this as it doesnt have a phosphate group

Question 26

why is it an advantage that ATP can not pass out through the cell?

Answer 26

• the cell always has an immediate release of energy
• atp can not leave whereas glucose can so can so able to run out of glucose
• constant supply of ATP or ADP +PI

Question 27

DONE