Water and Atmosphere Flashcards
Which of the following rocks are formed from molten material?
Igneous
Which of the following rocks is igneous?
granite, which has visible, well-shaped crystals, no banding, and no fossils
Nitrogen in the soil helps plants grow, but nitrogen can also be a pollutant. Which of the following cycles interacts with the nitrogen cycle to make it into a pollutant?
Water cycle
Three seismometers are spread around the Earth. After an earthquake, what might scientists use these to locate?
Epicenter
Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?
Schist
Which of the following processes occurs when water in a river slows and drops sediments on the riverbanks?
Deposition
Which list has the layers of the Earth in the correct order, from center outward?
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
Greenhouse gases, released as a side-effect of modern urbanization and industrialization, have what effect on Earth’s climate?
They increase the amount of solar radiation in the atmosphere
Which of the following conditions is not required for the formation of a fossil?
The soft body tissue must be preserved
Which of the following is true about the carbon cycle?
Carbon may become part of sedimentary rock and enter the rock cycle.
Which of the following activities can contribute to an increase in the carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere?
I. the burning of fossil fuels
II. volcanic activity
III. condensation
l and ll
Which of the following takes place at a transform plate boundary?
Adjacent plates move sideways relative to one another.
The five components of soil are mineral components, organic material, water, gases, and:
living organisms
Which of the following is a primary way carbon dioxide is naturally taken out of the atmosphere?
photosynthesis
Which of the following is a characteristic of hotspots on Earth?
They cause volcanic eruptions that form igneous rock.
Which of the following rock types will form when a pocket of magma cools slowly, deep under the surface of the Earth?
igneous
Which of the following is the name for a very tall, destructive ocean wave that was caused by an underwater earthquake?
tsunami
What is the Holocene period?
The current interglacial warming period in the midst of an ice age.
Which of the following is one way carbon is returned to the atmosphere?
burning fossil fuels
Which of the following rocks is an igneous rock?
Granite
Which of the following processes occurs when water seeps into cracks in a rock, freezes, and breaks the rock apart?
Physical weathering
The material ejected from a shield volcano is mostly:
Non-viscous Lava
Which of the following is not true regarding global warming and climate change?
Temperatures around the world are universally increasing
Which of the following statements most accurately describes an igneous rock?
a light, very porous rock with visible holes, grains that are too small to see, and no fossils
Why is material in the asthenosphere, the upper mantle, able to flow?
The asthenosphere is a very hot solid that can slowly circulate.
Which of the following best describes the lithosphere?
A zone of rigid rock on Earth’s surface that includes the crust and the solid upper part of the mantle.
Which of the following best explains how metamorphic rocks are formed?
Rocks are changed by heat, with or without high pressure, deep inside the Earth.
Which of the following would be the most appropriate occasion for a scientist to use carbon dating?
to determine the age of a newly-discovered fossil
Which of the following statements most likely describes a metamorphic rock?
a rock with wavy bands of minerals that is very hard and has visible crystals
Which of the following volcanoes is large and explosive, is built with alternating layers of light-colored rock and ash, and forms near a subduction zone?
stratovolcano
An increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on Earth is thought to be responsible for which of the following?
an increase in Earth’s average temperatures
Which of the following volcanoes is small and produces light, viscous, granitic lava around the vent of a larger volcano?
Lava dome
Which of the following human activities is least likely to alter the environment?
Over watering the lawn
Which type of rock is formed when magma cools very slowly?
Intrusive igneous rock
The earth is divided into four distinct layers. Which layer is composed of very hot, liquid material?
Outer core
There are three different types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Over time, each of these rock types can be transformed into one of the other rock types. For example, if limestone which is a type of sedimentary rock is exposed to high heat, it can be transformed into marble, which is a metamorphic rock.
This process of rocks changing from one form into another form is typically referred to as:
Rock cycle
Which of the following is the name for the point inside the earth where an earthquake originates?
Focus
