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5904 Science Praxis > Water and Atmosphere > Flashcards

Water and Atmosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following rocks are formed from molten material?

A

Igneous

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2
Q

Which of the following rocks is igneous?

A

granite, which has visible, well-shaped crystals, no banding, and no fossils

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3
Q

Nitrogen in the soil helps plants grow, but nitrogen can also be a pollutant. Which of the following cycles interacts with the nitrogen cycle to make it into a pollutant?

A

Water cycle

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4
Q

Three seismometers are spread around the Earth. After an earthquake, what might scientists use these to locate?

A

Epicenter

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5
Q

Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?

A

Schist

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6
Q

Which of the following processes occurs when water in a river slows and drops sediments on the riverbanks?

A

Deposition

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7
Q

Which list has the layers of the Earth in the correct order, from center outward?

A

Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

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8
Q

Greenhouse gases, released as a side-effect of modern urbanization and industrialization, have what effect on Earth’s climate?

A

They increase the amount of solar radiation in the atmosphere

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9
Q

Which of the following conditions is not required for the formation of a fossil?

A

The soft body tissue must be preserved

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10
Q

Which of the following is true about the carbon cycle?

A

Carbon may become part of sedimentary rock and enter the rock cycle.

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11
Q

Which of the following activities can contribute to an increase in the carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere?

I. the burning of fossil fuels

II. volcanic activity

III. condensation

A

l and ll

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12
Q

Which of the following takes place at a transform plate boundary?

A

Adjacent plates move sideways relative to one another.

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13
Q

The five components of soil are mineral components, organic material, water, gases, and:

A

living organisms

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14
Q

Which of the following is a primary way carbon dioxide is naturally taken out of the atmosphere?

A

photosynthesis

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15
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of hotspots on Earth?

A

They cause volcanic eruptions that form igneous rock.

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16
Q

Which of the following rock types will form when a pocket of magma cools slowly, deep under the surface of the Earth?

A

igneous

17
Q

Which of the following is the name for a very tall, destructive ocean wave that was caused by an underwater earthquake?

A

tsunami

18
Q

What is the Holocene period?

A

The current interglacial warming period in the midst of an ice age.

19
Q

Which of the following is one way carbon is returned to the atmosphere?

A

burning fossil fuels

20
Q

Which of the following rocks is an igneous rock?

A

Granite

21
Q

Which of the following processes occurs when water seeps into cracks in a rock, freezes, and breaks the rock apart?

A

Physical weathering

22
Q

The material ejected from a shield volcano is mostly:

A

Non-viscous Lava

23
Q

Which of the following is not true regarding global warming and climate change?

A

Temperatures around the world are universally increasing

24
Q

Which of the following statements most accurately describes an igneous rock?

A

a light, very porous rock with visible holes, grains that are too small to see, and no fossils

25
Q

Why is material in the asthenosphere, the upper mantle, able to flow?

A

The asthenosphere is a very hot solid that can slowly circulate.

26
Q

Which of the following best describes the lithosphere?

A

A zone of rigid rock on Earth’s surface that includes the crust and the solid upper part of the mantle.

27
Q

Which of the following best explains how metamorphic rocks are formed?

A

Rocks are changed by heat, with or without high pressure, deep inside the Earth.

28
Q

Which of the following would be the most appropriate occasion for a scientist to use carbon dating?

A

to determine the age of a newly-discovered fossil

29
Q

Which of the following statements most likely describes a metamorphic rock?

A

a rock with wavy bands of minerals that is very hard and has visible crystals

30
Q

Which of the following volcanoes is large and explosive, is built with alternating layers of light-colored rock and ash, and forms near a subduction zone?

A

stratovolcano

31
Q

An increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on Earth is thought to be responsible for which of the following?

A

an increase in Earth’s average temperatures

32
Q

Which of the following volcanoes is small and produces light, viscous, granitic lava around the vent of a larger volcano?

A

Lava dome

33
Q

Which of the following human activities is least likely to alter the environment?

A

Over watering the lawn

34
Q

Which type of rock is formed when magma cools very slowly?

A

Intrusive igneous rock

35
Q

The earth is divided into four distinct layers. Which layer is composed of very hot, liquid material?

A

Outer core

36
Q

There are three different types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Over time, each of these rock types can be transformed into one of the other rock types. For example, if limestone which is a type of sedimentary rock is exposed to high heat, it can be transformed into marble, which is a metamorphic rock.

This process of rocks changing from one form into another form is typically referred to as:

A

Rock cycle

37
Q

Which of the following is the name for the point inside the earth where an earthquake originates?

A

Focus

5904 Science Praxis (13 decks)

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