Water

Question 1

parts of the water cycle

Answer 1

evaporation, transpiration, runoff, condensation, precipitation, infiltration

Question 2

aquifer

Answer 2

any water-bearing layer in the ground

Question 3

cone of depression

Answer 3

lowering of the water table around a pumping well

Question 4

salt water intrusion

Answer 4

near the coast, over pumping of groundwater causes saltwater to move into aquifer

Question 5

ENSO

Answer 5

El Niño Southern Oscillation, see-sawing of air pressure over the south pacific

Question 6

during an El Niño year

Answer 6

trade winds weaken and warm water sloshes back to South America

Question 7

during a non El Niño year

Answer 7

easterly trade winds and ocean currents pool warm water in the western Pacific, allowing upwelling of nutrient rich water off the west coast of South America

Question 8

effects of El Niño

Answer 8

upwelling decreases disrupting food chains, N. U.S. has mild winters, S.W. U.S. has increased rainfall, less Atlantic hurricanes

Question 9

percent of water on earth by type

Answer 9

97.5% seawater, 2.5% freshwater

Question 10

ways to conserve water

Answer 10

agriculture = drip/trickle irrigation; industry = recycling; home = use gray water, repair leaks, low flow fixtures

Question 11

transpiration

Answer 11

process where water is absorbed by plant roots, moves up through plants, passes through pores (stomata) in leaves or other parts, evaporates into atmosphere as water vapor