Population

Question 1

Malthus

Answer 1

said human population cannot continue to increase exponentially; consequences will be war, famine, and disease

Question 2

doubling time

Answer 2

rule of 70; 70 divided by the percent growth rate

Question 3

replacement level fertility

Answer 3

the number of children a couple must have to replace themselves (2.1 in developed countries)

Question 4

world population

Answer 4

7.3 billion

Question 5

U.S. population

Answer 5

324 million

Question 6

preindustrial stage

Answer 6

(1) birth and death rates high, population grows slowly, infant mortality high

Question 7

transitional stage

Answer 7

(2) death rate lower, better health care, population grows fast

Question 8

industrial stage

Answer 8

(3) decline in birth rate, population growth slows

Question 9

postindustrial stage

Answer 9

low birth and death rates

Question 10

age structure diagrams

Answer 10

broad base = rapid growth, narrow base = negative growth, uniform shape = zero growth

Question 11

first, second, and third most populated countries

Answer 11

China, India, U.S.

Question 12

most important thing affecting population growth

Answer 12

low status of women

Question 13

way to decrease birth rate

Answer 13

family planning, contraception, economic rewards and penalties

Question 14

the tragedy of the commons

Answer 14

(1968 paper, Garret Hardin) global commons such as atmosphere and oceans are used by all but owned by none