water Flashcards
negative charge
electron
neutral charge
neutron
positive charge
proton
4 elements in body
hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon
cannot be broken down to simpler
element
smallest particle
atom
atomic structure is made of
nucleus
two or more atoms
molecule
in nucleus
protons and neutrons
made of two or more elements
compound
outside nucleus
electrons
atomic weight is made of
protons and neutrons
electrons form a
chemical bond
outer shell means
atom is full
octet rule
atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to make 8 until they become stable
covalent bonds
2 atoms share one or more electrons
polar covalent
when two atoms share electrons unequally
nonpolar covalent
when two atoms share bonds equally
ionic bond
when 1 atom gives one or more electrons to another atom to complete their outer shell
water is what type of molecule
polar bc it is uneven in charge
in water oxygen has what kind of charge
slightly negative
in water hydrogen has what kind of charge
slightly positive
water forms what kind of bonds
hydrogen which are covalent
cohesion
attraction between molecules of the same substance like water on water
adhesion
attraction between molecules of different substances like water on glass
surface tension
the surface of a liquid resists and external force due to cohesion
capillary action
movement of water against gravity up tubes due to adhesion and cohesion
high heat capacity
it takes large amounts of energy to change temperature
expansion upon freezing
solid water is less dense than liquid bc water expands upon freezing
universal solvent
water polarity gives the ability to dissolve many compounds
water happens when water meets a lipid
it is repelled bc water is nonpolar
what happens when water dissociates
hydrogen ions H+ and hydroxide ions OH-
acid on ph scale
0-7 hydrogen ions is greater than hydroxide
how is ph scale measured
concentration of h ions in a solution
base of ph scale
7-12 hydroxide ions are greater than hydrogen
neutral
7 hydroxide ions and hydrogen are equal
buffers dissolve life’s fluids to maintain
homeostasis
organic
carbon and hydrogen atoms
inorganic
can have one or the other SO only carbon or hydrogen
macromolecules
small organic compounds that link
4 macromolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
large copounds are built up from smilar molecules called
monomer
polymer
monomer that bind to one another to form complex molecules
polymers come together to make
macromolecules
monomers link to form polymers thru chemical reactions called
condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis
the breakdown of some complex molecules such as polymers happens in
hydrolysis