macromolecules Flashcards
4 macromolecules
lipid carbohydrates protein nucleic acid
elements of carbohydrates
cho carbon hydrogen oxygen
elements of protien
chon carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen
elements of lipids
cho carbon hydrogen oxygen
elements of nucleic acids
chonp carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphate
monomer of carbohydrate
monosaccharides
monomer of lipid
glycerol/fatty acids
monomer of protein
amino / polypeptide
monomer of nucleic acid
nucleotide
function of carbohydrates
used by cells for short term energy sources
in chitin (exoskeleton)
cellulose in cell walls
cell to cell communication
function of lipid
used by cells for long term energy source
insulation
waterproof coverings
cuticle
function of protein
used by cells to control rate of reaction
build structure for cells
transport substances
help fight diseases
function of nucleic acid
to store genetic info
genetic code for proteins
all organic materials can be broken down into what 2 categories
organic and inorganic
Name the macromolecule
Carbohydrate
Name the macromolecule
Lipid
Name the macromolecule
Protein
Name the macromolecule
Protein
Name the macromolecule
Nucleic acid
contains carbon and hydrogen atoms
organic compounds
can have on of the other but not both carbon and hydrogen atoms
inorganic compounds
built from small organic compounds the same way a railroad train is built linking together
macromolecule
large carbon compounds are built up from smaller simpler molecules called
monomer
monomers can bind together to one another to form complex molecules known as
polymer
a polymer consists of repeated, linked units, which can also bind forming large polymers called
macromolecules
monomers link together to form polymers through a chemical reaction called
condensation or dehydration synthesis
what happens during the formation of polymers
water is released or is a by-product of the reaction
the breakdown of some complex molecules such as polymers occurs through a process known as
hydrolysis
what happens during the process of hydrolysis
addition of water to some polymers can break the bond that holds them together
name 3 monoscchrides
glucose C6H12O6 fructose
name 2 disacchrides
sucrose cellulose
name 3 polysacchrides
C12H24O12 starch glycogen
commonly called fats and oils
lipids
contain carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
proteins
contain peptide bonds
proteins
DNA and RNA are examples
nucleic acids
follow the formula (CH2O)n
protein
form skin hair blood muscles
proteins
lactose and cellulose are examples
carbohydrates
made up of amino acids
proteins
made of nucleotides
nucleic acids
most consist of 3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol
lipids
used for long term stoarge
lipids