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Plant physiology > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

1
Q

what is water helpful for

A

transpirational cooling
photosynthesis
transport
turgor

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2
Q

what is it about H bonds and polarity of water that connects to thermal and physical properties

A

water can make H bonds which are much weaker than covialent bonds. there is an attraction between partial + and partial - charge on neighbor molecule. This means it can bond to any molecule with a charge. Polarity is responsible for soil and xylem flow because it allows water to connect to other surfaces and molecules too.

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3
Q

3 properties of water

A

high specific heat
solvent
cohesion and adhesion

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4
Q

High specific heat

A

it takes a lot of energy to change water temp by one degree

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5
Q

high thermal conductivity

A

plant can conduct heat away from site where the heat is generated ( cool down)

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6
Q

how does water absorbing and dissipating heat benefit the plant

A

good bulk flow- make or break H bonds

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7
Q

what about water makes it a good solvent

A

polarity

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8
Q

definition of ionic substance

A

charged

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9
Q

cohesion

A

water attracted to eachother via hydrogen bonds

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10
Q

what is stronger- cohesion or adhesion

A

cohesion

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11
Q

adhesion

A

attraction of water to soild surfaces

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12
Q

capillarity

A

cohesion and adhesion

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13
Q

what is smaller in phloem, tracheid’s or veins

A

tracheids

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14
Q

if cohesion is greater than adhesion what happens

A

water droplets

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15
Q

soil water repellancy

A

uneven wetting front- water puddles on dry dirt

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16
Q

why does soil water repellancy happen

A

organic matter is hydrophobic- you must apply a wetting agent for soil to be wet again

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17
Q

what are surfactants

A

aids in soil water repellency

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18
Q

what can cause hydrophobicity in soil

A

dead plant material - high net carbon creates parches that are hydrophobic. Also mycelium and roots secreting their substances.

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19
Q

does the transport of water occur actively or passively with bulk flow and diffusion

A

passively

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20
Q

bulk flow

A

Driven by pressure , transpiration, and gravity in plants

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21
Q

diffusion

A

direct movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration

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22
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

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23
Q

what protein moves water in bulk

A

channel protiens

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24
Q

water moves from ___ free water to _____ free water

(More or less)

A

more free water to less free water

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25
Q

what is free water

A

water not attached to a solute (solute makes hydration shells around sugars)

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26
Q

TF selectively permeable membrane allows water to pass through but not solutes

A

T

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27
Q

The passive movement of water across a membrane is a combination of ___________ and __________- __________

A

diffusion and bulk flow

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28
Q

aquaporin

A

protein that allows water to pass through the membrane

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29
Q

water movement depends on a difference in ___________ of water in two parts of a system

A

chemical energy

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30
Q

water will move passively from ___ to _____ chemical potential

A

higher to lower

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31
Q

TF water moves passively and actively

A

F it only moves passively

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32
Q

how do plants control water movement

A

controlling solutes

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33
Q

is water potential positive

A

no it’s always negative

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34
Q

osmotic potential

A

change in free energy of water from dissolved solutes

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35
Q

what is pure waters solute potential

A

0

36
Q

hypertonic

A

high solutes

37
Q

hypotonic

A

low solutes

38
Q

the more negative the water potential is, the (more/less) free water in the cell

A

LESS

39
Q

turgor pressure

A

pressure potential in plants can be postive or negative

40
Q

positive turgor pressure is in

A

insidde cells

41
Q

negative turgor pressure is in

A

xylem

42
Q

what organelle has the greatest influence on water potential and turgor pressure

A

vacuole

43
Q

water potential gradients tell which direction water will move TF

A

T

44
Q

osmotic adjustment

A

plants adjust their cell solute content to respond to drought

45
Q

what is the mPa of saturation

A

0 MPA

46
Q

What is field capacity

A

the amount of water the soil can hold against gravity

47
Q

What is the mPa of the wilting point

A

-1.5 MPa

48
Q

if the plants mPa is -1,5 mPa and the soils mPa is -0.01 then will water go in or out of the plant

A

in

49
Q

air is typically -50 mPa. Will water normally go in or out of plant from air

A

out of plant into air

50
Q

radial conductance what affects it

A

anatomy, cell wall permeability, activity of water channels

51
Q

axial conductance

A

happens through xylem

52
Q

what are the two ways that water can take axially

A

symplastically and apoplatistically

53
Q

simplistically

A

water moving through the root through the cells (slower)

54
Q

apoplastic movement of water

A

movement through cell walls of water. faster, but then the water must move symplastically through the endodermis

55
Q

Casparian strip

A

Suberin filled strip that keeps water in the endodermis

56
Q

what are the 2 points of resistance that water can hit when water moves into moves

A
  1. water moving vis apoplasticallt vs symplastically
  2. Casparian band
57
Q

root traits affecting water uptake

A

hydraulic conductivity
total root mass
root length
root hair abundance
spatial distribution

58
Q

when is it advantageous to have long roots (nutrients)

A

nitrogen deficient areas

phosphorous stays on the surface

59
Q

what are the two cell types of xylem

A

tracheids and vessels

hollowed, thickened, conducting cells

60
Q

tracheids

A

gymosperm
narrow

61
Q

vessels

A

angiosperm
wide and short

62
Q

what moves water faster, traacheids or vessels

A

vessels

63
Q

capillary rise is inversely proportional to _____ and ________radius

A

tracheid and vessel

64
Q

transpiration

A

flow of water from leaf to air

65
Q

what is the major mechanism for long distance

A

transpiration

66
Q

elements to water flow in leaves

A

veins -> mesophyll -> stomata -> air

67
Q

what is the driving force for transpiration

A

differences in concentration of water vapor between leaf air spaces and the atmospheere

68
Q

what factors impact transpiration

A

stomata, cuticle, mesophyll, boundary layer, temperature, vapor pressure gradient, environmental factors (transpiration)

69
Q

what is the most important leaf specific factor that impacts transpiration

A

stomatal resistance (whether they’re open or closed)

70
Q

mesophyll resistance

A

the less compact the mesophyll is in a lead, the less a chance the water has to get to the guard cell

71
Q

what is the mesophyll

A

inner cells of a plant

72
Q

cuticle resistance to water

A

epidermal cells are surrounded with a cuticle to prevent water loss

73
Q

boundary layer

A

area outside of epidermal cells

the calm air that surrounds the exterior of the leaf

74
Q

the boundary layer impacts how quickly the plant absorbs ___ and exports ___-

A

CO2 and O2

75
Q

a thick boundary layer increases or decreases water vapor exititng

A

decreases because the relative humidity around a plant leaf is increased

76
Q

does a thick boundary layer increase water loss

A

no it decreases it

77
Q

does a thick boundary layer increase a plants ability to cool itself

A

no , it decreases it bc less transpiration

78
Q

does a thick boundary layer decrease the amt of nutrients

A

yes

79
Q

what impacts the boundary layer

A

leaf hairs
wind
leaf shape

80
Q

environmental factors that affect transpiration

A

temperature
relative humidity
wind
solar radiation
water availability

81
Q

how does temp impact transpiration

A

increases transpiration and kinetic energy of molecules

82
Q

how does relative humidity affect transpiration

A

lowers transpiration rate and moves free water outside to increase the vapor pressure gradient

83
Q

when is low humidity good in plants

A

flowering - less chance for diseases

84
Q

what is high humidity good for

A

germination, grafting, and early propagation cuttings

85
Q

how does wind affect the boundary layer

A

dissolves it

86
Q
A

Plant physiology (3 decks)

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