Water Flashcards

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1
Q

Benefits of water as a liquid

A

Provide habitats for living things in rives, lakes and seas
major component of tissue in organisms
reaction medium in chemical reactions
transport medium, eg. blood and vascular tissue

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2
Q

What happens to liquids as they get colder

A

Becomes more dense until 4 degrees, 4-0 (ice) is less dense as molecules align in a structure less dense than water

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3
Q

Benefits of ice being less dense than water

A

aquatic organisms have a stable environment throughout winter
ponds and other bodies of water are insulated against cold- reduces rate of heat loss

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4
Q

How does hydrogen bonding occur between water molecules

A

Polar structure- hydrogen bonds form between neighbouring hydrogen (+) and oxygen (-) atoms of adjacent water molecules (The attraction between individual water molecules creates a bond known as a hydrogen bond.)

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5
Q

Cohesion

A

When water molecules get close together, oppositely charged parts of the atom attract, forming hydrogen bonds

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6
Q

Surface tension

A

resistance of external forces, allowing the surface to contract because molecules are being applied to it.

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7
Q

Benefits of water as a solvent

A

molecules can move around and react together
molecules and ions can be transported around living things whilst dissolved in water (root hairs)
polarity allows water molecules to attract/bind to solute molecules

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8
Q

Benefits of high specific heat capacity

A

Living things need a stable temperature for enzyme-controlled reactions to happen properly (eg. hydrolysis and condensation)
stable environment for aquatic organisms
small variations in temperature

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9
Q

Benefits of high latent heat of vaporisation

A

Molecules and held together by hydrogen bonds, so a large amount of energy is needed for water to evaporate
Water can help to cool living things and keep temp stable
eg. sweat and transpiration

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10
Q

Why is water referred to as polar

A

Oxygen atom in a water molecule has a greater no. protons in nucleus, exerting a stronger attraction for shared electrons
Oxygen atom becomes slightly negative, hydrogen slightly positive

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11
Q

Hydrophilic

A

substances that can become part of the hydrogen bonded structure and dissolve in water

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