water Flashcards
all water that humans can consume is called
potable
what percent of the worlds water is salt water
97%
in the 3% of freshwater, where does it come from and what is its percentage?
77% ice, 22% groundwater, 1% from lakes and rivers
what percentage of the worlds freshwater is located in canada
9%
water quality describes
how pure the water is
what are the 5 factors that affect water quality
salinity, dissolved minerals, organisms, acidity, cloudiness(turbidity)
salinity describes
the amount of dissolved salts in the water
what 2 minerals make up hard water
calcium, magnesium
what are the other 3 factors that affect water quality
climate, population, land formation
what happens in reverse osmosis
water is forced through a filter
what happens in distillation
heating dirty water to catch the clean water vapors
what is the higher point of a wave called
crest
what is the lower point of a wave called
trough
what is the distance from crest - crest (trough - trough) called
wavelength
what are the 4 properties of waves
1) waves do not push objects through water. 2) waves are a form of energy. 3) waves produce an up and down motion. 4) their bottoms drag which breaks the top.
as deep water waves approach shallow water their bottoms drag on the ocean floor causing the _________ to increase and the _________ to decrease.
Wave height, wave length
what is an effect of waves on shorelines
force of the waves crashing against the shoreline can cause changes to the shape of the shoreline
what are tides
the water level along the coast of continents
what causes tides
the gravitational pull of the moon
tides occur approximately every __ hours
6
what is a tsunami
big wave caused by an earthquake
what are the other causes for tsunamis
rock slides, or volcanos.
what are the 4 ways rivers differentiate
speed, temp, flow rate, source
what is weathering
the breaking down of minerals
what is erosion
carrying the broken minerals
what is deposition
placing down sediments in a stream
as the river reaches lower elevations it begins to slow, causing curves to form, (________)
meanders
the sediments it has picked up is deposited in a fan- shaped deposit called a _____
Delta
what is a watershed
the area of land that drains into a body of water
the location of the highest land on the continent determines the direction that a watershed drains. this high land is called ____________
continental divide, in north America its the rocky mountains
what is an ocean basin
a deep and wide depression in the earths surface that contain the oceans
what are glaciers
large moving bodies of ice
forms from rocks and gravel that build up along the sides and ends of glaciers (whats left behind when a glacier melts)
Morraines
form when tunnels below the glacier collect sand and gravel and deposit materials as they melt (glacial turd)
eskers
are small hills with a TEARDROP shape formed when the glacier retreats
drumlins
small lakes formed when chunks of ice left behind melt
kettle lakes
big rocks left behind by glaciers
glacial erratic
what is an estuary
where river water mixes with ocean water
what is it called when river and ocean water mix
brackish water
an inter tidal zone is
land that is underwater at high tide and out of water at low tide
a continental shelf is
shelf of land that extends out from the edge of a continent below the water
diversity refers to
the variety of species in an ecosystem
what is lower zone
deep water
what is middle zone
oceans/ open water
what is higher zones
shores
an adaptation is
physical characteristic or behavior that increases the species chance at survival
what are the 5 factors that led to developments of aquatic adaptation
temp, light, movement, salinity, pressure
what is a population
a group of organisms that interact often
what are the 3 types of changes
seasonal, short term, long term
seasonal changes
a change in population due to a change in temp
short term changes
changes that last a short time
long term changes
changes that affect the population in the area permanently
what are examples of short term changes
floods, hurricanes, oil spill
what are examples of long term changes
human activity, dam building, introduction of new species
what causes acid rain
pollution from factories
how does acid rain kill a whole lake
water is to acidic to support most life
what are algal blooms
rapid growth in algae due to an increase in fertilizer from farmers feilds
