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GA LARE SECTION > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

1
Q

How much do floods in the US cost annually?

A

$2 billion

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2
Q

How many people die annually due to floods in the US?

A

100 people

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3
Q

What is a recurrence interval for floods?

A

Size & magnitude of floods (ie. 100yr flood)

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4
Q

Are there state floodplain regulations?

A

No- all local

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5
Q

Through the GA Water Quality Control Act, what is the State of GA responsible for?

A

Quantity and quality of water resources

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6
Q

What are the 4 objectives to the 2001 Joint Water study Committee & Water council?

A
  1. Minimize withdrawals
  2. Maximize returns to River basins
  3. In stream/ off stream needs
  4. Protect water quality
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7
Q

What is the Federal Clean Water Act?

A

Establishes quality standards by intended use

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8
Q

What are the two water quality standards set by the Federal Clean Water Act?

A
  1. Activity/ use
  2. Supporting conditions
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9
Q

T or F: The Federal Clean Water Act requires each state to establish water quality standards.

A

True

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10
Q

How often are the standards from the FCWA reviewed?

A

Every 3 years

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11
Q

What is GA’s agency that establishes water quality standards?

A

Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD)

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12
Q

What are the 5 designated “use classes” set by the EPD?

A
  1. Fishing (93%)
  2. Recreation (4%)
  3. Drinking (2%)
  4. Wild+Scenic River (<1%)
  5. Coastal Fishing (<1%)
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13
Q

What are GA’s 3 criteria’s for water quality standards?

A
  1. Description
  2. Numerical testing benchmarks (how much oxygen, pH, bacteria, temp…)
  3. Numerical testing limits (are there toxic substances…)
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14
Q

What does the State Soil and Water Conservation Commission do?

A

Guide, coordinate, and give assistance to soil and water conservation districts to all counties (159)

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15
Q

When always the State Soil and Water Conservation Commission created?

A

1937

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16
Q

What does the Outstanding National Resource Waters (ONRW) do?

A

Special designation for high quality resources (State parks, wildlife refuges, etc)

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17
Q

When are variances allowed for water quality?

A

If improvements are being made

18
Q

When can the State remove a designated use?

A

If attainability analysis seems designated use in achievable

19
Q

What is the definition of “water” or “water of the state”?

A

All water, natural or unnatural water bodies in the state not confined to single property

20
Q

What is the general criteria for all waters?

A
  1. Water free of unsightly/ noticeable scum (floating) & sludge (settling)
  2. Upstream & downstream visually same turbidity from point source (after mixing)
  3. No acids, toxins of concern, and other specific pollutants
21
Q

Who defines State water buffers?

A

GA Erosion and Sediment Control Act of 1975

22
Q

Warm water bodies have an undisputed buffer of ___ft & cool water bodies have an undisputed buffer of ___ft.

A
  1. 25ft
  2. 50ft
23
Q

Where are buffers measured from?

A

Natural vegetation edge

24
Q

What is the most common pollutant?

A

Sediment

25
Q

How is sediment in water measured?

A

Total suspended solids (TSS)

26
Q

What are the second biggest pollutants?

A

Runoff nutrients

27
Q

T or F: Runoff volume increases in proportion to nearby impervious area.

A

True

28
Q

What are the two most problematic nutrient pollutants?

A

Phosphorus (reduces oxygen in water) and nitrogen (similar to phosphorus)

29
Q

T or F: Vegetation reduces volume and velocity of runoff

A

True

30
Q

What do riparian buffers provide for aquatic ecosystems?

A

Food, temperature control, and habitat

31
Q

T or F: recreation generates revenue which is a positive feedback loop for water quality protection

A

True

32
Q

Buffer effectiveness depends on 3 things:

A
  1. Extent (linear)
  2. Width
  3. Vegetation
33
Q

T or F: buffers do not have to be native forest for max effectiveness

A

False

34
Q

Who manages wetlands in GA?

A

Environmental protection agency (EPA)

35
Q

What percentage of GA is wetlands?

A

14%

36
Q

What 3 things define wetlands?

A
  1. Hydric soils
  2. Plant community
  3. Hydrology
37
Q

What industry were errands traditionally destroyed by?

A

Agriculture and forestry

38
Q

What is the current destroyer of wetlands?

A

Urbanism

39
Q

What are the 7 major water uses of the Water Conservation Implementation Plan (2009)

A
  1. Agricultural irrigation (withdrawals ground water)
  2. Electric generations (power plants- largest user)
  3. Golf courses
  4. Industrial + Commercial
  5. Landscape irrigation
  6. Domestic+ no industrial public use (surface drain)
  7. State agencies
40
Q

How often does the GA Water Use Program (GWUP) collect state data?

A

Every 5 years (publishes report)

GA LARE SECTION (7 decks)

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