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GA LARE SECTION > GA Geology > Flashcards

GA Geology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 soil types?

A

Sand, Sandy loam, Loam, silt Loam, and clay

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2
Q

What is the ideal soil composition?

A

50% pores, 45% minerals, 5% organics + microbes

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3
Q

Loose and single grained, falls apart when dry and will briefly mold but fall apart even when moist

A

Sand

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4
Q

Mostly sand with some silt and clay to make it stickier, still falls apart when dry but maintains a bit more hold if wet

A

Sandy loam

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5
Q

Mixture of sand, silt and clay, it will hold a form whether wet or dry

A

Loam

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6
Q

Fine-textured clay with less sand or silt, when dry it forms clods

A

Silt loam

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7
Q

Finest textured soil that forms clods when dry and is usually elastic and sticky when wet

A

Clay

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8
Q

What is the order of smallest to largest particle sizes of soil?

A

Clay (<.002)- Silt (.002-.05mm)- Sand (.05-2mm)- Gravel (2mm-3”)

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9
Q

What constitutes of acidic pH range?

A

<6.6

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10
Q

What constitutes of neutral pH?

A

6.6-7.3

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11
Q

What constitutes of basic/ alkaline soil range?

A

> 7.5

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12
Q

Acidic soils lack ____ & reduces _____

A
  1. Nutrients
  2. Microorganisms & worms
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13
Q

Most compost have a _____pH

A

Neutral

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14
Q

Microorganisms and earthworms thrive off ________ pH

A

Neutral

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15
Q

Hardwood trees leave ____ compost

A

Alkaline

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16
Q

Pine trees leave ______ compost

A

Acidic

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17
Q

True or false- Alkaline and acidic soils both lose nutrients and reduces microorganisms and worms

A

True

18
Q

Few plants survive outside the range of __________ pH

A

4.0 - 8.5

19
Q

Georgia soils run a wide range of pH values from ______

A

3.5 - 8.4

20
Q

Adding ______ raises the pH of acid soils

A

Lime

21
Q

Adding _____ lowers the pH of alkaline soils

A

Sulfur

22
Q

T or F: some minerals can be found more available at either end of the spectrum

A

True

23
Q

What is soil association?

A

Landscape that has a distinctive proportional pattern on soils (broad- “appling-cecil”)

24
Q

What are soil series?

A

Soils with similar horizon profiles (mid- “appling”

25
Q

What are soil types?

A

Define difference in surface layer texture (specific- “appling Sandy clay loam”

26
Q

What is erosion?

A

Process by which surface is worn by wind, water, ice, or gravity

27
Q

What element is the most damaging to erosion?

A

Water

28
Q

What influences erosion?

A

Climate, topography, soils, and vegetation

29
Q

When was the Erosion Sediment Control Act created?

A

1975

30
Q

What does the Erosion Sediment Control Act do?

A

Local implementation and local enforcement to protect soil and water resources

31
Q

What do land disturbing activities require?

A

Permit

32
Q

Land disturbing activities are

A

Any land change that can result in erosion

33
Q

What types of activities are exempt from getting a land disturbance permit?

A

Mining, quarrying, single family construction by owner, agriculture/ forestry, a project 1.1ac or less

34
Q

Who approves erosion & sedimentation plans for permit?

A

Soil and water conservation

35
Q

How many soil and water districts are in Georgia?

A

40

36
Q

What did the 1995 Amendment to the Erosion & Sed. Control Act do?

A

Complies with Clean Water Act and focuses on BMP instead of turbidity standard for site runoff

37
Q

What is the 2003 Amendment to the Erosion & Sediment Control Act?

A

All individuals involved in LDA must get a certification

38
Q

How many levels are certification are in the 2003 amendment? What are they?

A

3 levels- fundamentals (1A), advanced fundamentals (1B), & introduction to design (2)

39
Q

What does the Fundamentals (Level 1A) of the 2003 amendment cover? How long is it?

A

1 day - BMPs - to contractors and developers

40
Q

What does the Advanced Fundamentals (Level 1B) of the 2003 amendment cover? How long?

A

2 days - regulatory enforcement

41
Q

What does the Introduction to Design (Level 2) of the 2003 amendment cover? How long?

A

2 days- for plan reviewers and design professionals (how to review plans)

GA LARE SECTION (7 decks)

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