Water Flashcards
Name the four types of water
Natural: Lakes, Rivers, Streams
Potable: Meets Clean Water Act (1972) Standards
Ex.Drinking water, Kitchen
Grey Water: Does not meets Clean Water Act (1972) Standards, but may be filtered, could be semi-processed
Ex.Toliet, Shower
Black Water: Effluence Sewage
What are the two systems that all for water to flow into your building?
Constant Pressure System: For low rise buildings <5 Stories
Gravity-Fed System: For buildings >6 Stories
-Gets water via pumps to the storage tanks at the top then use gravity for the rest of the system
Give the 7 steps from the water main to useable water
- Shutoff Value:
Cuts water from ENTIRE building - Pressure Reducing Value:
Reduces high pressure from utility to avoid overpowering fixtures - Water Meter:
Tracks water consumption - Backflow Preventer:
Same as the kitchen-prevents sewage water from coming back - Value
- Thermal Expansion Tank
Relieves pressure to prevent thermal overload and blowing up. - Hot water heater
Traditional indirect heater
- Fuel source is burned and heat is transferred to the water
Instantaneous hot water heater (no tank)
- Fuel source is burned and heats the water
- Very energy efficient
- Costs 3X up front
- Electricity
- 1X/yr servicing
What are HPWH: Heat pump water heaters?
HPWH removes heat from the air (or water) and transfers it to the water being heated
operate on electricity
Transfer heat with greater efficiency than electric resistance and gas-fired water heaters 180F per
What temp do you need for commercial dishwashing? and What heats them?
Over 140F min
Booster Heaters
What temperature does ASHRAE recommend to store water in hot water tanks?
140F with a minimum return at 124F
Alternatively, periodically increase temperature to 150F or use chlorination followed by flushing the system out
What is Roughing or Rough-Ins in relation to water piping ?
Rough-ins are part of the plumbing infrastructure that connects the riser and the final location of the plumbing service.
What is a Tie-in in relation to water piping?
Tie-ins are the final connections point between the fixture and the roughing.
(Connect the faucet brightwork to the water pipe)
What is the purpose of the P-trap in piping?
The P-trap prevents the sewer gases from flowing up the pipes
How does a Ball value work?
When you turn the ball value it either cuts or opens the water flow in the pipe by pushing down or out a metallic ball
What is a mixing value?
The value that controls the hot or cold water
What are some examples of bathroom fixtures
Shower, Toilet, SInk, Bathtubs,
What are some examples of bathroom brightwork?
The faucet itself, shower head, etc
(Thing that water actually comes out of)
What are the 5 methods of water removal?
Sanitary Riser: Effluence/Sewage removal
Septic Tank: Underground sewage tank that pipes out waster water. (Into soil)
Ex. Commonly used in resorts and remote areas
Storm Drains: Rooftop drains
Grease traps: 10ft from hot water faucets
Ex. From Pot Sinks, Dishwashers, Mat washing Drains
Evaporation/Runoff: Runoff from irrigation
What composed the Water Bill
Water Consumption
Sewage Disposal
Potential additional cost if there is any solid sewage build up
Avrg usage 80-100 Gallons per Day
Provide some ways to minimize the water bill/be sustainable
Low flow fixtures
- Shower heads
- Faucets
- Aerators (Plastic bit that splits the water stream into multiple smaller streams)
- Faucet Sensor/timers
- Waterless urinals
Use grey water for irrigation, toilet water, water supplied for hose uses
Higher efficiency equipment
Operating practices
- Train housekeeping to not run water in guestrooms when cleaning
- Train kitchen staff to not run water unless required by code
- Train all staff to shut off water when not in use
What is the most sustainable flow water fixture?
Waterless urinal 0 gallons
Low-flow toilet and lavatory sink 1.6 gal
What is Xeriscaping?
Using indigenous plants to not use extra pesticides/fertilizers (tainting the water)
Why add ozone to your laundry?
B/c it is more sustainable and more energy efficient (cold water)
