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BioChem > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

1
Q

water is

A

the medium for life and solvent for biological reactions

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2
Q

Organism typically contains how many percent of water

A

70 -90 %

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3
Q

Chemical reactionss occur in

A

aqueous medium

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4
Q

Water is a

A

A critical determinant of the structure and function of proteins, nucleic acids, and membranes

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5
Q

two kinds of forces or attractions that operates on a molecule

A

intramolecular and intermolecular forces

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6
Q

Intramolecular forces of attraction holds

A

atoms together in a molecule, aka=chemical bond

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7
Q

chemical bond is either

A

covalent or ionic

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8
Q

Intermolecular forces of attraction is between

A

molecules or ions, MM, MI, II,

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9
Q

WHAT KIND OF IMF Is between H and Cl

A

intramolecular forces

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10
Q

what kind of imf is between two HCl

A

intermolecular forces of attraction

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11
Q

separation of electric charge leading to a molecule having a electric dipole moment

A

polarity

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12
Q

electronegativity

A

measure of the tendency of an atom to a attract a bonding pair of electrons

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13
Q

what does it mean if an atom has a high electronegativity

A

electrons are more attracted to that atom

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14
Q

what is the trends of electronegativity in the periodic table

A

increasing from left to right

decreasing from top to bottom except noble gases

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15
Q

what element is the most electronegative?

A

Fluorine

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16
Q

what do you call a charge with an uneven distributions of atom

A

polar

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17
Q

example of polar and why?

A

ammonia and water, there is an uneven electron density since nitrogen is more electron negative than hydrogen. thus the electron cloud is greater in nitrogen. the partial charge will be the nitrogen is partially negative and the hydrogen is partially positive

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18
Q

ionic bond means

A

there is an electron transfer between atoms

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19
Q

covalent bond means

A

there is an electron shared between atoms

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20
Q

ionic bond usually results to

A

ions having charges since the electron was transferred like Na+ and Cl-

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21
Q

covalent bond usually results to

A

no charge unlike ionic since the atoms are sharing electrons

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22
Q

what do you call when there is an equal distribution of electrons?

A

non polar

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23
Q

lauric acid is generally what and becausse

A

non-polar since the non-polar parts are longer than the polar parts

24
Q

amphipathic means

A

a molecule has both polar and non polar parts

25
Q

ionic interactions

A

attractive force that involve ions

26
Q

types of ionic interactions

A

ion ion, ion-dipole, van der waals

27
Q

a dipole is

A

a polar molecule

28
Q

ion ion dipole is

A

attraction between two ions of opposite charges

29
Q

example of ion ion dipole is

A

na+ and ch3cD0-

30
Q

ion dipole is

A

attraction between ion and polar molecule

31
Q

example of ion dipole

A

na+ and h20; cl- and h20

32
Q

van der waals forces are

A

attractions that does not include ions and are applicable only to molecules

33
Q

example of dipole dipole interaction

A

H2 and S

34
Q

dipole dipole interaction is

A

attraction between polar molecules

35
Q

a special type of dipole dipole interaction

A

hydrogen bonding

36
Q

hydrogen bonding is

A

electrostatic attraction between a molecule with a highly electronegative element (O,F,N) to the hydrogen atom of another molecule

37
Q

how many degrees is the space between the hydrogen atoms of a water molecule

A
  1. 5 degrees
38
Q

how many degrees is the space between the hydrogen atoms of a water molecule

A
  1. 5 degrees
39
Q

the structure of water is called

A

distorted tetrahedron

40
Q

water has

A

4 election pairs on four sp3 orbitals

41
Q

how many lone pairs does a water molecule have?

A

two lone pairs

42
Q

two pairs covalently link hydrogen atoms to

A

central oxygen atom

43
Q

the electronegativity of the oxygen atom induces

A

net dipole moment

44
Q

water can serve as

A

both hydrogen donor and acceptor

45
Q

the importance of hydrogen bonds

A 
source of unique structure of water
structure and function of proteins
of DNA
of polysaccharides
binding of substances to enzymes
bing of hormones to receptors
matching of mRNA to tRNA
46
Q

likke dissolves like means

A

p p
np np
np and p no interaction

46
Q

likke dissolves like means

A

p p
np np
np and p no interaction

47
Q

attraction happens between

A

opposite charges

48
Q

attraction happens between

A

opposite charges

49
Q

repulsion happens between

A

like charges

50
Q

water is a good solvent for _____ like_____

A

charged and polar substances like amino acids and peptides, small alcohols, carbohydrates

51
Q

water is a poor solvent for ___ like ____

A

non-polar substances like np gases, aromatic moieties, aliphatic chains

52
Q

hydrophobic effect meanss

A

asssociation or folding of non polar molecules in the aqueous solution

53
Q

main factor behind protein folding

A
54
Q

wwhat happens during protein folding when the proteins interact with water

A

the hydrophobic part folds and settled in the interior while the hydrophilic part settles on the exterior attracted to water

BioChem (2 decks)

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